Chemistry Review.

Question 1

Difference between serum and plasma?

Answer 1

Serum doesn’t have fibrinogen

Question 2

How do you get serum?

Answer 2

Collect in red top tube, sit, pipette off top

Question 3

How long does blood sit to clot for serum?

Answer 3

20-30 minutes

Question 4

How do most anticoagulants work?

Answer 4

Combine with calcium

Question 5

Order of collection tubes?

Answer 5

Blue, red, tiger top, green, lavender, gray

Question 6

2ml of whole blood = ___ of serum/plasma

Answer 6

1

Question 7

You should draw enough blood to run each test ___ times

Answer 7

3

Question 8

BUN is also called?

Answer 8

Blood urea nitrogen

Question 9

Blood urea nitrogen is from the breakdown of what?

Answer 9

Protein

Question 10

What is azotemia?

Answer 10

Increase in BUN

Question 11

Creatinine is from the breakdown of what?

Answer 11

Muscle

Question 12

Creatinine is excreted at a ____ rate

Answer 12

Constant

Question 13

Do not run a water deprivation test on…?

Answer 13

Dehydrated patient or a patient with azotemia

Question 14

URINE protein: creatinine is a confirmation test for what?

Answer 14

Protein loss through kidney

Question 15

4 kidney tests are called…?

Answer 15

BUN, Creatinine, Water deprivation, and urine protein creatinine

Question 16

Three functional tests of the liver are what?

Answer 16

Bilirubin, bile acids, and TP

Question 17

Bilirubin is from the breakdown of what?

Answer 17

Hemoglobin

Question 18

Where is bilirubin conjugated?

Answer 18

Liver

Question 19

Bilirubin is a component of what?

Answer 19

Bile

Question 20

What will break bilirubin down and at what rate?

Answer 20

UV Light, 50% per hour

Question 21

Bile acids are made where?

Answer 21

Liver

Question 22

Bile acids are stored in what?

Answer 22

Gallbladder

Question 23

Bile acids are excreted into what?

Answer 23

Intestines

Question 24

How do you collect for serum bile acid tests?

Answer 24

Fast animal for 12h, collect 1ml of serum, feed animal high fat meal, wait 2h, collect 1ml of serum

Question 25

Most protein is formed by the _____.

Answer 25

Liver

Question 26

What 2 proteins are measured with a serum TP test?

Answer 26

Albumin and globulin

Question 27

TP is most commonly increased because of what?

Answer 27

Dehydration

Question 28

What are the 4 damaged hepatocyte tests?

Answer 28

ALT, AST, ID(SD), GLDH

Question 29

ALT is not used in what?

Answer 29

Large animal

Question 30

ID(SD) replaces _____ in what animals?

Answer 30

ALT; large animals

Question 31

GLDH is used in what animals?

Answer 31

Cattle , sheep, goats

Question 32

What are the two Cholestasis tests of the liver?

Answer 32

AP and GGT

Question 33

AP is elevated in young animals, why?

Answer 33

Bone growth

Question 34

GGT is a good indicator for what dz?

Answer 34

Small animal fatty liver dz

Question 35

3 types of liver tests are?

Answer 35

Functional, damaged hepatocyte, and cholestasis

Question 36

The two types of pancreatic tests are what?

Answer 36

Endocrine and exocrine

Question 37

Endocrine pancreatic test includes what 2 things?

Answer 37

Glucose and fructosamine

Question 38

What hormone lowers blood glucose?

Answer 38

Insulin

Question 39

What hormone raises blood glucose?

Answer 39

Glucagon

Question 40

How do you perform a glucose curve on an animal receiving insulin BID?

Answer 40

q2h for 8-12h...mock normal day

Question 41

What increases the amount of fructosamine?

Answer 41

Chronic hyperglycemia

Question 42

Fructosamine gives you and idea of blood glucose levels over what period of time?

Answer 42

1-2 weeks

Question 43

Exocrine pancreatic tests include what 3 things?

Answer 43

Amylase, lipase, trypsin

Question 44

Amylase breaks down what?

Answer 44

Starches and glycogen

Question 45

Lipase breaks down what?

Answer 45

Long chain fatty acids

Question 46

Trypsin breaks down what?

Answer 46

Protein

Question 47

Trypsin test of choice?

Answer 47

Serum trypsinlike immunoreactivity

Question 48

Of the pancreatic exocrine tests, which one can be measured by IDEXX SNAP test?

Answer 48

Lipase

Question 49

The endocrine system contains what 3 tests?

Answer 49

Thyroid, adrenocortical function, and high-dose dex suppression

Question 50

The thyroid portion of the endocrine system tests includes what 2 things?

Answer 50

Total T4 and Cholesterol

Question 51

Total T4 screens for what in cats? Dogs?

Answer 51

Hyperthyroidism; hypothyroidism

Question 52

What is the confirmation test of Total T4 called?

Answer 52

Free T4

Question 53

Cholesterol is made by the what?

Answer 53

Liver

Question 54

Cholesterol is usually increased with what?

Answer 54

Hypothyroidism

Question 55

Hypoadrenaocroticism is also know as?

Answer 55

Addisons

Question 56

Hyperadrenocorticism is also known as?

Answer 56

Cushings

Question 57

Low pre and post sample on ACTH stim test =

Answer 57

Addisons

Question 58

High post sample on ACTH Stim test =

Answer 58

Cushings

Question 59

High results at 4 and 8 h on low dex suppression =

Answer 59

Cushings

Question 60

Adrenal tumor =

Answer 60

No suppression of cortisol

Question 61

Pituitary tumor =

Answer 61

Cortisol suppressed

Question 62

Na

Answer 62

Natremia

Question 63

K

Answer 63

Kalcemia

Question 64

Cl

Answer 64

Chloremia

Question 65

What does HCO3 do?

Answer 65

Blood buffer

Question 66

HCO3 is estimated from?

Answer 66

Total CO2

Question 67

Ca has an inverse relationship with what

Answer 67

Phosphorus

Question 68

Mg

Answer 68

Magnesemia

Question 69

Ca

Answer 69

Calcemia

Question 70

P

Answer 70

Phosphatemia

Question 71

When do you see an increase in Anion Gap?

Answer 71

Lactic acidosis and acetoacidosis