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Chem > Chemistry Review - Quiz 3 > Flashcards

Chemistry Review - Quiz 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

the study of matter and it’s changes

A

Chemistry

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2
Q

anything that has mass and occupies space

A

Matter

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3
Q

Building block of matter. Comprised of protons, neutrons, electrons.

A

Atoms

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4
Q

What charge do protons have and what is its mass?

A

Positive charge

1 amu

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5
Q

What charge do neutrons have and what is its mass?

A

Neutral charge

1 amu

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6
Q

What charge do electrons have and what is its mass?

A

Negative charge

mass is irrelevant

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7
Q

atoms/groups of atoms bonded together with a net charge

A

Ion

cation/anion

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8
Q

How are cations charged?

A

positive charge

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9
Q

How are anions charged?

A

negative charge

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10
Q

Elements only have ____ type of atom

A

1

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11
Q

more than one kind of atom in a fixed ratio by mass

A

compound

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12
Q

groups of atoms chemically bonded together into a discrete unit by covalent bonds. Neutral charge.

A

Molecules

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13
Q

Contain both positive and negatively charged ions with no identifiable units. Attracted by charged and are not molecules.

A

Ionic compounds

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14
Q

What is a physical change?

A

no change in the chemical makeup

Ex: melting ice

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15
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

always makes a chemically different substance

Ex: 2H2O –> 2H2 + O2

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16
Q

may be observed/ measured without changing the chemical makeup.

A

physical property

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17
Q

What is intensive physical property?

A

integral to the material, regardless of amount (Ex: color)

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18
Q

What is extensive physical property?

A

Depends on sample size

Ex: volume

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19
Q

describes the type of chemical changes the material tends to undergo (Ex: flammable)

A

chemical property

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20
Q

Boiling water to steam is an example of what property change

A

physical change

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21
Q

Liquid is an example of what property

A

Physical property – intensive

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22
Q

mass is an example of what property

A

Physical property - extensive

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23
Q

pure materials that can’t be physically separated into simpler components

A

Substances

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24
Q

What are mixtures?

A

2 or more pure substances

Physical processes can separate the mixture into simpler substances

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25
What is homogenous mixture?
uniform in physical and chemical properties throughout the whole sample (ex: normal saline)
26
What is heterogenous mixture?
Distinct phase boundaries where chemical and/or physical properties change (ex: emesis)
27
Protons and neutrons are located where?
In the nucleus
28
Where are electrons located?
surround the nucleus in cloud-like orbitals
29
All atoms have protons and electrons, and all contain neutrons except for
hydrogen
30
mass (A) =
Z+N ``` Z= number of protons, determines identity N= number of neutrons ```
31
_______ and ______ should be equal, but there can be a different amount of neutrons
Protons and electrons neutrons
32
True or False : The mass number can never be smaller than the atomic number
True
33
TC 99/43 Protons Neutrons Electrons Weight
Protons 43 Neutrons 56 (99-43=56) Electrons 43 Weight 99 amu
34
same atomic number, different mass number (diff number of neutrons, same protons)
Isotopes
35
Dalton’s Atomic Theory 1. Elements are composed of tiny, indivisible particles called _____. All atoms of a given element are ______ and unique to that element
Atoms | Identical
36
Dalton’s Atomic Theory | Compounds are formed by bonding atoms together in a ______ ratio.
fixed
37
Dalton’s Atomic Theory Chemical reactions do not _____, _____, or ______ atoms into atoms of other elements. Chemical reactions cause atoms to recombine into new substances.
Create, destroy or change
38
In the periodic table, elements are in order of increasing
Atomic number
39
In the periodic table, vertical lines are
groups/families
40
In the periodic table, rows are
Adding electrons to energy levels, electron shells
41
The element at the end of the row has the outer shell full of
electrons
42
How many electrons can fit in the innermost orbital?
2
43
How many electrons can fit every orbital other than the innermost
8
44
Flourine has how many electrons? How many to fill orbital? What is its charge?
Electrons - 7 1 to fill orbital charge -1 (takers carry a negative charge)
45
The weight on the Periodic Table is an
average of all isotopes
46
What elements are in the high rises on the left and right
Representative elements
47
What elements are the connector between the representative elements (higher charge 2-3+)
Transition elements
48
What elements are those at the bottom of the table.
Inner transition elements
49
Most elements are ______ and are on the left side of the table.
metals
50
What are the properties of metal?
``` Shiny luster Ductile (make into wire) Malleable (shape by force) Good conductors of heat and electricity React to form cations by giving away electrons ```
51
_______ are on the right side of the table/
Non-metals (liquids/solids/gases)
52
Where are metalloids located on the table?
along the latter and are semiconductors of electricity
53
In the periodic table, most elements are_______
Solid
54
Mercury and bromine are liquids, although gallium will do what?
Melt in your hands
55
What are 5 of the Noble gases
Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine
56
What is electricity?
the flow of charged particles under the influence of an electric field
57
What is an electrolyte?
substance that dissolves in water to give a solution conductivity
58
Is water an electrolyte?
No, non-electrolyte
59
How is aluminum found in nature?
Combined, must be synthesized
60
What is aluminum found in?
Antiperspirants, antacids
61
In what patients should you avoid aluminum
dialysis pts or pts with poor kidney function
62
What do we use barium for in healthcare?
Radiographic GI studies | Heavy metal, relatively opaque to Xrays
63
Barium is very toxic, but why doesn't it build up?
No ion channel to absorb barium, will be excreted easily
64
What did Elvis die from?
He had terrible peristalsis, he had MANY barium studies. On autopsy, they found a ton of barium in his gut.
65
Bromium is one of 2 what?
Naturally occurring liquids
66
Is Ca found naturally?
No, not found in elemental form
67
What is Ca used for in the body?
Muscle contraction, bone stability, teeth
68
If a pt has torsades, why should you give Ca before mag?
To stabilize the myocardium
69
What is Ca found in?
Antacide, phosbinders
70
How to phos binders work, and why do we give them to dialysis its?
Ca bind to the phos and stabilize on another, makes it easy to be excreted
71
Carbon has activated charcoal, which is used in what?
Overdoses
72
Why is carbon found in almost everything?
Highly versatile
73
Why is Ca very constipating
In its ability to stabilize the muscle, it also slows down the GI tract, can happen if take too many tums
74
What is Cl found in?
table salt, Normal and 1/2 normal saline, disinfectants
75
What must you use to kill c-diff spors
must use clorine based bleach to clean spores
76
Where is chromium used for in healthcare?
found in stainless steel, implants
77
Is copper a good conductor?
YES
78
Flourine is a yellow poisonous gas, but sodium fluoride is used to
strengthen teeth, toothpaste
79
Helium is found where in the hospital?
MRI coolant
80
Hydrogen is the most common what?
Most common atom in the universe
81
Where is iodine found?
Topical anesthetics, antithyroid medication
82
Where is iron found in the body?
Found in each hemoglobin molecule to transport oxygen through the blood
83
Why would you give iron to an anemic patient?
To help the oxygen carrying capacity
84
Lithium is used as what for bipolar pts?
Mood stabilizer
85
Lithium and sodium look and _______ alike. Same vertical column on periodic table
smell
86
What must you do in order to get potassium levels up in a hypokalemic pt?
have to bring mag up before replace K. | K will not improve until you replace mag (get mag to 2)
87
What is medications is mag used in?
Tocolytics, laxatives
88
Nitrogen supplies a _____ to make it more positively charge to make it more hydrophilic
+ ion
89
Nitrogen is found in anesthetic gas as
nitrous oxide (N2O)
90
Oxygen has a strong tendency to accept elections, with is important in
ATP synthesis
91
Where is Phos is found in the body?
RNA/DNA and ATP
92
Low phos can cause
Brittle bones, respiratory failure
93
Potassium has an inverse relationship to
Insulin
94
what is is significance of K in refeeding syndrome
When you reintroduce food, body is in starvation mode, it releases a "mega" amount of insulin in response to that. Then you see a massive drop in electrolytes.
95
What are some medications that effect potassium?
Ace inhibitors, loop diuretics
96
High or low K will cause what in the heart?
Arrhythmia
97
Why is sodium important in the body (3 things)
muscle contraction/CNS stability/ water balance (if Na to high, water will follow it)
98
What is titanium used for in healthcare?
Implants
99
What is zinc found in?
Calamine lotion, sunblock, wound healing, cold symptom relief

Chem (4 decks)

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