pKa

Question 1

ALL LA are

Answer 1

Base drugs
weak bases
alkolotic

Question 2

What form can pass the BBB? meaning more bioavailable

Answer 2

unionized, non-ionized, lipophilic

Question 3

The more unionized the drug becomes, the ______ it works

Answer 3

faster

Question 4

The farther away the pKa of the drug is from the Ph then the

Answer 4

more the ionized or unionized the drug becomes.

Question 5

What is blood pH?

Answer 5

7.4

14 basic
0 acid

Question 6

Acid is a proton (H) _______

Answer 6

donor

Question 7

A base is a proton (Hydrogen ion)

Answer 7

acceptor

Question 8

ALL LA are weak bases EXCEPT for

Answer 8

benzocaine

Question 9

What is the pKa of benzocaine and how does it work when in body?

Answer 9

3.

Even though pKa is 3, it is still a weak base, becoming more basic makes the drug MORE UNionized and work quicker

Question 10

When pH and pKa are the same,

Answer 10

50% of the drug will be ionized

50% of the drug will be unionized

Question 11

For a drug to become ionized, it depends on 2 things,

Answer 11

pH of the solution

pKa of the drug

Question 12

Do ionized substances have a charge?

Answer 12

yes, ions are molecules with a charge

Question 13

Are ionized molecules hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 13

hydrophilic

cannon cross blood brain barrier or placenta

Question 14

Does an unionized substance have a charge?

Answer 14

no, they are neutral

Question 15

Are unionized molecules lipophilic or lipophobic?

Answer 15

lipophilic, can cross BBB

Question 16

All the LA have pKa >

Answer 16

7.6 (except benzocaine @ 3)

Question 17

acid drugs unite with _______ charged ions such as ____, _____, _____ (essentially an electrolyte)

Answer 17

positively

Na+, Mg++, Ca++

Question 18

if you see a salt drug i.e. sodium “drug”, calcium “drug”, magnesium “drug” you would recognize the drug as the salt base form of a ____ ______

Answer 18

weak acid

Question 19

Sodium pentobarbital is a salt of a ______ _______

Answer 19

weak acid.

Question 20

bases unite with ______ charges ions such as ________

Answer 20

negatively

as Cl- SO42-

Question 21

If you were to see salts: “drug” chloride, “drug” sulfate, recognize them as the salt form of a _____ _______

Answer 21

weak base

Question 22

Lidocaine hydrochloride and morphine sulfate are salts of ______ ______

Answer 22

weak bases

Question 23

Lidocaine is injected into a badly infected foot, what will happen?

Answer 23

the infected area is more acidic. The LA is a weak base going into an acidic solution. Greater ionized portions and the medication will not work as well.

Question 24

explain fetal ion trapping

Answer 24

The pH of the fetus is lower than maternal pH. The circulating unionized drug crosses the placenta - once in fetal circulation the drug equilibrium is reestablished, with greater % of ionized ( now “trapped”)

Question 25

Organic molecules have 2 parts:

Answer 25

Carbon backbone | One or more functional groups

Question 26

Hydrocarbons are the _____ organic compound

Answer 26

simplest Containing only a hydrogen and a carbon

Question 27

How are hydrocarbons linked?

Answer 27

Straight-chained, branch-chained, cyclic molecules

Question 28

What are the 4 hydrocarbon functional groups?

Answer 28

Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics

Question 29

T/F - all hydrocarbons are flammable

Answer 29

true - gasoline

Question 30

What is an alkane

Answer 30

C—C single bonded | simplest fuctional group

Question 31

What is an example of alkane

Answer 31

Ethane -- methane

Question 32

What is another name for alkanes?

Answer 32

parafins

Question 33

If a hydrogen is removed from an alkane, it leaves an

Answer 33

“ALKYL” group

Question 34

Alkyl groups are named by replacing _____ on the alkane name with ____

Answer 34

“ane” “yl”

Question 35

What is alkene

Answer 35

C=C double bonded

Question 36

What is an example of alkene

Answer 36

ethene

Question 37

What is more flexible, alkanes or alkenes

Answer 37

C-C single bonds of alkanes allows free rotation @ C-C bond. Alkenes C=C bond freezes the rotation making alkenes less flexible than alkanes.

Question 38

Do alkanes or alkenes produces a stronger reaction?

Answer 38

Alkenes

Question 39

What is alkynes

Answer 39

C///C triple bond

Question 40

Aormatics is the _______ ring, and frequently acts as the...

Answer 40

benzene | structural element in medication

Question 41

Our anesthetic gases are

Answer 41

haloALKANES | some sort of halogenated agent, group 7 on periodic table

Question 42

Oxidation and reduction occur until

Answer 42

everything balances out

Question 43

Can we use propofol in someone who as a soy or egg allergy?

Answer 43

YES

Question 44

Aromatics are called

Answer 44

phenols

Question 45

Replacing once H ion on the HOH yields _______, replacing the second H ion yields _____

Answer 45

alcohol (R-O-H) | ether (R-O-R)

Question 46

Most chemical reactions are reversible, this is known as

Answer 46

dynamic equilibrium

Question 47

When a system in a state of dynamic equilibrium is disturbed, it will react to re-establish the equilibrium condition. Who’s prinicple is this?

Answer 47

Le Chatelier’s Principle example is HBG

Question 48

Why is salt added to ice cream? | Why is salt added to boiling water?

Answer 48

Lowers the freezing point | Increases the boiling point

Question 49

Methanol breaks down into ________ in the liver and kills you

Answer 49

formaldehyde

Question 50

Why is Cisatracurium good for renal failure patients?

Answer 50

goes through Hoffman elimination so broken down in the blood