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지시엣이 Zuluwars > Chemistry Revision for 21 October Test (C1, C2) > Flashcards

Chemistry Revision for 21 October Test (C1, C2) Flashcards

1
Q

What is an atom?

A

Smallest part of an element, can contain electron, protons and neutrons, that can exist.

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2
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance that contains two or more different elements that are chemically combined (bonded) in fixed proportions.

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3
Q

What is an element?

A

An element is a substance that contains one type of atom.

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4
Q

Who touched on the idea of an atom’s structure?

A

Dalton (1800), his evidence was atoms are tiny spheres that can’t be divided.

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5
Q

Who created the ‘Plum Pudding Model’?

A

JJ Thompson (1897), he discovered the electron that atoms are made up of smaller particles.

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6
Q

What is the ‘Alpha-Scattering Experiment’?

A

It is where alpha particles (large positively charged particles) were fired at very thin gold foil.

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7
Q

Who performed the ‘Alpha-Scattering Experiment’?

A

Geiger, Marsden, Rutherford. (1908-1913)

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8
Q

What did the Alpha-Scattering Experiment show us?

A

That atoms are mainly empty-spaced, the center of an atom must have a positive charge, there is a nucleus (present) in the gold foil, the center of an atom must contain a great deal of mass.

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9
Q

What happened to the Alpha Particles during the ‘Alpha-Scattering Experiment’?

A

Most of the alpha particles went straight through the gold atoms. Some of the alpha particles were deflected (changed direction). Some of the alpha particles bounced straight back.

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10
Q

Who is thought electrons orbit nucleus in fixed shells?

A

Bohr (1913) proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed shells or orbitals located at set distances from the nucleus.

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11
Q

Who found the existence of ‘Neutrons’?

A

James Chadwick (1932), he did experimental work providing the evidence to show the existence of neutral particles which were called neutrons.

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12
Q

Who is the first person to touch on ‘Atoms’?

A

Democritus (5th Century BC), he proposed atoms cannot be split.

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13
Q

What is the structure of an atom?

A

A central Nucleus (tiny) containing protons and neutrons. The nucleus is surrounded by electron in energy levels (also called electron shells). Atom do not posses an electric charge because they contain the same number of protons and electrons (-).

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14
Q

What is the proton’s relative mass?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the neutron’s relative mass?

A

1

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16
Q

What is the electron’s relative mass?

A

1/2000 (almost 0)

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17
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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18
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A

0

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19
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

20
Q

What does atomic number show?

A

Number of protons

21
Q

What does mass number show?

A

Number of protons + number of neutrons

22
Q

How do we find the number of protons?

A

Look at the Atomic number

23
Q

How do we find the number of neutrons?

A

Mass Number - Atomic Number

24
Q

How do we find the number of electrons?

A

It contains the same number as the protons.

25
Q

How are elements arranged in the ‘Periodic Table’?

A

It is arranged according to the order of Proton Number (atomic number)

26
Q

Terra (T)

A

1 000 000 000 000 (10 to the power of 12)

27
Q

Giga (G)

A

1 000 000 000 (10 to the power of 9)

28
Q

Mega (M)

A

1 000 000 (10 to the power of 6)

29
Q

Kilo (k)

A

1 000 (10 to the power of 3)

30
Q

Milli (m)

A

0.001 (10 to the power of -3)

31
Q

Micro (µ)

A

0.000 001 (10 to the power of -6)

32
Q

Nano (n)

A

0.000 000 001 (20 to the power of -9)

33
Q

Pico (p)

A

0.000 000 000 001 (10 to the power of -12)

34
Q

What are isotopes?

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that contain the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of Neutrons.

35
Q

What are Ions?

A

Ions are particles that contain a different number of protons and electrons and so they are electrically charged.

36
Q

How are elements arranged in the Periodic Table?

A

it is arranged in groups (vertical) and periods (horizontal), they are organized on ho they react. The Table consists of 8 groups, 0-7. Elements are arranged by their atomic number.

37
Q

What elements react to form positive ions?

A

Metals

38
Q

Why are noble gases (group 0) uncreative and do not easily form molecules?

A

They have the full stability of an outer shell. (They have a full-outer shell).

39
Q

As the atomic number increases in group 0, what increases?

A

Atomic number and Density.

40
Q

As the atomic number increases in group 0, what decreases?

A

Melting Point and Boiling point

41
Q

What is the name for Group 1?

A

Alkaline Metals

42
Q

As you go down group 1, does the density increase?

A

Yes, the density increases as you go down group 1.

43
Q

What are the properties of Group 1 Metals?

A

They and soft and wet (can be cut with a knife), they have relatively low melting points, very reactive, compounds are white, form +1 ions, low density. Good thermal and electrical conductors.

44
Q

What are the properties of Transition Metals?

A

They have high melting points, they are not very reactive, strong and hard, compounds are colored, Good thermal and electrical conductors.

45
Q

What is (one of) the trend(s) between the number of electrons in the halogen molecule and its boiling point?

A

As the number of electrons increases, the boiling point increases.

46
Q

Why did the order of (the elements in) the periodic table change overtime?

A

It changed due to the discovery of new elements and how Henry Mosely arranged the elements by their number of protons than their atomic weights. In the past, the periodic table was arranged in order of relative atomic mass (started with John Newlands).

지시엣이 Zuluwars (14 decks)

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