chemistry unit

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that takes up space and has mass

Question 2

Chemicals

Answer 2

building blocks of our environment, our bodies, and everything else

Question 3

Atom

Answer 3

basic unit of matter

Question 4

what do atoms consist of

Answer 4

-electrons (negative charge) e- basically no amu
-neutrons (no charge) n0, 1amu
-protons, positive charge = p+, 1amu

Question 5

chemical element

Answer 5

pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom

Question 6

what are the four most common elements in living things

Answer 6

hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen

Question 7

atoms are held together by chemical bonds; which are

Answer 7

ionic bonds, covalent bonds, hydrogen bonds

Question 8

when an atom loses an electron what happens, and vise versa

Answer 8

minus an electron makes it positive bc its losing a negative, when it gains an electron, it becomes negative

Question 9

uncharged atom

Answer 9

An uncharged atom is electrically neutral because electrons and protons have opposite charges of equal sizes.

Question 10

ions

Answer 10

atoms that have a charge

Question 11

cation

Answer 11

a positive ion, when the atom loses an electron

Question 12

anion

Answer 12

a negative ion, when an atom gains an electron

Question 13

covalent bond

Answer 13

electrons are shared between atoms

Question 14

molecule

Answer 14

the structure when atoms are joined together

Question 15

ionic bond

Answer 15

formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another atom

Question 16

which bond is stronger than the other

Answer 16

covalent bonds are much stronger than ionic bonds

Question 17

reactant

Answer 17

are what goes into a reaction
(Left side of arrow)

Question 18

product

Answer 18

produced by the reaction

Question 19

dehydration synthesis

Answer 19

removing of water when building molecules

Question 20

hydrolysis reaction

Answer 20

adding of water, to break apart molecules

Question 21

non-polar covalent bond

Answer 21

electrons are shared equally between atoms in a molecule

Question 22

polar covalent bond

Answer 22

electrons are shared unequally between atoms in a molecule
(which then gives both atoms only partial charge)

Question 23

h20 molecule (imagine in head)

Answer 23

the oxygen atom has a much stronger connection/pull with electrons than the hydrogen atoms do. therefore the atoms spend a lot more time orbiting around the oxygen nucleus than the hydrogen nucleus

Question 24

charges in h20

Answer 24

oxygen atom has a slight negative charge
the hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge

Question 25

h20 is what bond and why

Answer 25

h2o is a polar molecule bc the charges/electrons are unevenly distributed

Question 26

polar molecules can attract each other like weak magnets

Question 27

hydrogen atom/bond

Answer 27

one water molecule is attracted to another water molecule. a hydrogen atom is attracted to an oxygen atom or vise versa, that forms a hydrogen bond (has to be opposites attract)

Question 28

strength of hydrogen bonds is..

Answer 28

one hydrogen bond is weak but many can be very strong (e.g. belly flopping)

Question 29

how many hydrogen bonds can one water molecule form at once

Answer 29

4

Question 30

the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds is responsible for many of its special properties