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Science > Chemistry Year 9 > Flashcards

Chemistry Year 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is an isotope

A

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons. They have
the same atomic number, but a differing mass number.

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2
Q

How to find neutrons

A

Mass number- atomic number

E.g
35-17=18 (isotope)

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3
Q

Nucleus

A

is found in the centre of the atom, and contains protons (+) and neutrons (neutral).

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4
Q

Law of conversation of mass

A

Mass of reactants will always equal the mass of the product

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5
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

Release energy when the reaction occurs
Increase in temperature
E.g Respiration

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6
Q

Endothermic Reaction

A

Refer to chemical reactions that absorb energy in order for the reaction to occur
Decrease in temperature
E.g photosynthesis

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7
Q

Chemical reactions signs

A

Colour change
Heat released/ absorbed
Formation of gas

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8
Q

Properties of an acid

A 
Sour taste 
React with metals =hydrogen gas
React with calcium carbonate = carbon dioxide 
Turn blue litmus paper red
React with bases ( neutralisation)
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9
Q

Properties of a base

A

Bitter taste
Turn red litmus paper blue
React with acids in a process (neutralisation)

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10
Q

What happens when a metal reacts with an acid?

A

produce a salt and hydrogen gas

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11
Q

What happens when an acid reacts with calcium carbonate?

A

Produce calcium salt, water and carbon dioxide

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12
Q

Neutralisation meaning

A

a chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other

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13
Q

What’s an Element

A

Only 1 type of atom

Molecule

E.g = zinc
🔴🔴

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14
Q

What a Compound

A

More than 2 elements chemically combined

A molecule

Can’t be separated physically
E.g = water
⚫️🔵

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15
Q

What are mixtures

A

2 or more different substances that are not chemically combined easily separated physically

Not a molecule

E.g = salt water
⚫️. 🔵
. 🔺. 🔶⚪️

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16
Q

Protons

A

Positive charge

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17
Q

Neutrons

A

Neutral charge

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18
Q

Electrons

A

Negative charge

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19
Q

Electrons are found?

A

Around the nucleus

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20
Q

What particles do you find in the nucleus of an atom?

A

Neutrons an protons

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21
Q

What are shells?

A

Energy levels

Hold a maximum of … electrons

22
Q

Mass number

A

Protons + Nuetrons

23
Q

What is a valence electron

A

Electrons involved in chemicals reactions

Last shell

24
Q

Alkali metals

A

Group 1

E.g sodium

25
Q

Alkaline metals

A

Group 2
E.g
Calcium

26
Q

Halogens

A

Group 17

E.g fluorine

27
Q

Nobel gases

A

Group 18

E.g Helium

28
Q

What is meant by a ‘group’ in the Periodic Table?

A

elements in each group have the same number of electrons in the outer shell
Last shell (1) = groups (1)
E.g Groups Periods Name
2,8,1 1 3 Sodium

29
Q

What is meant by a ‘row’ in the Periodic Table?

A

number of occupied shell
3 shells= 3periods

E.g Groups Periods Name
2,8,1 1 3 Sodium

30
Q

Cation?

A

Metal

31
Q

Anion?

A

Non metal

32
Q

Name a salt

A

Iron chloride

= IDE ENDING

33
Q

Iron + chlorine + oxygen

=

A

Iron chlorate

34
Q

Example of a base

2

A

Soap, drain cleaner

35
Q

Example of acids

2

A

Lemon, batteries

36
Q

When an acid reacts with a base, what is formed?

A

When acids and bases mix they cancel out the effects of each other. This reaction is is called neutralisation reaction

Acid + Base = salt water

37
Q

What are the 3 different

types of radiation and what materials can stop the radiation?

A

alpha particles- stopped by clothing and paper etc.

beta particles- stopped by a few millimetres

gamma rays- stopped by several centimetres of lead or meters of concrete

38
Q

What are the 3 different
types of radiation and what materials can stop the radiation?
25.

A

O

39
Q

What does the half-life of a radioactive element mean?

A

The time taken for half of all the nuclei in a sample of a radioisotope to disintegrate or decay is known as its half-life.

Half-lives can vary from microseconds to billions of years.

40
Q

Control variable

A

Stays the same

41
Q

Some of death

A

Area around microbes that have been killed

42
Q

Pathogen

A

Microorganisms that cause disease

43
Q

Epidemic

A

An outbreak of a disease or illness that spreads rapidly among individuals in an area or population at the same time. In a community

44
Q

Virulence

A

the severity or harmfulness of the disease

45
Q

Host

A

An animal or plant that carries or contains a parasite

46
Q

acid + base

A

salt + water

47
Q

acid + metal

A

salt +

hydrogen

48
Q

acid + salt + metal carbonate

A

+ water + salt +

carbon dioxide

49
Q

Activation energy

A

The amount of energy required for a reaction to begin

50
Q

Independent Variable

A

One thing you choose

Science (9 decks)

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