Chemotherapeutics Flashcards
(159 cards)
1
Q
Nitrogen mustards?
A
Mechlorethamine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide
2
Q
Cause hemorrhagic cystitis?
A
Cyclophosphamide & Ifosfamide
3
Q
Toxic metabolite in hemorrhagic cystitis?
A
Acrolein
4
Q
Use to counter hemorrhagic cystitis?
A
Hydration and MESNA
5
Q
Used for Hodgkin’s disease and topically for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma?
A
Mechlorethamine
6
Q
Rarely used alkylating agent due to sterility?
A
Mechlorethamine
7
Q
Alkylating agents that cross BBB?
A
Nitrosureas (Carmustine & Lomustine)
8
Q
Carmustine & Lomustine side effects?
A
Renal toxicity, Pulmonary Fibrosis
9
Q
Triazines?
A
Dacarbazine, Temozolomide
10
Q
Treats malignant gliomas?
A
Temozolomide
11
Q
Dacarbazine treats?
A
Hodgkin’s (ABVD), malignant melanoma
12
Q
Cisplatin side effects?
A
Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, sensory neuropathy
13
Q
Platinum analogs?
A
Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin
14
Q
Cold-induced peripheral sensory neuropathy?
A
Oxaliplatin
15
Q
Oxaliplatin treats?
A
Gastric and colorectal cancer
16
Q
Platinum analogs that treats ovarian cancer?
A
Cisplatin and Carboplatin
17
Q
Folate analogs?
A
Methotrexate and Pemetrexed
18
Q
Treats colon cancer, mesothelioma, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer?
A
Pemetrexed
19
Q
Used to prevent toxic effects of methotrexate?
A
Leucovorin
20
Q
Methotrexate inhibits this enzyme?
A
Dihydrofolate Reductase
21
Q
Side effects of methotrexate?
A
Renal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, reproductive toxicity
22
Q
Inhibits THF-dependent enzymes (DHFR, TS) as a polyglutamate form?
A
Pemetrexed
23
Q
Methotrexate treats?
A
Childhood ALL, choriocarcinoma, head & neck, Burkitt’s, breast, bladder, ovary, osteosarcoma, meningeal leukemia and meningeal metastases
24
Q
Oral form of 5-Fluorouracil?
A
Capecitabine
25
Hand-foot syndrome?
5-Fluorouracil
26
Pyrimidine analogs?
5-Fluorouracil, cytarabine, gemcitabine
27
Most effective treatment of AML?
Cytarabine
28
Treats AML, ALL, blast phase CML?
Cytarabine
29
Gemcitabine: S-phase specific?
No.
30
5-Fluorouracil used topically for?
Basal Cell Carcinoma
31
Gemcitabine treats?
Pancreatic, non-small cell lung, ovarian, bladder, esophageal, head and neck
32
Treats esophageal cancer?
Gemcitabine
33
Maintains remission in acute ALL?
6-Mercaptopurine
34
Drug interaction with alopurinol?
6-Mercaptopurine
35
6-Mercaptopurine metabolized by what enzyme to what, to inhibit what?
HGPRT to TIMP, inhibits first step of de novo purine synthesis and formation of AMP and xanthinylic acid frominosinic acid
36
Derived from strains of Streptomyces?
DNA intercalating agents
37
Cardio-protective against anthracyclines?
Dexrazoxane
38
Dose-dependent cardiotoxicity?
Anthracyclines
39
Dactinomycin treats?
Choriocarcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor
40
Anthracyclines that treat AML?
Idarubicin, Daunorubicin
41
Form reactive hydroxyl species?
Anthracyclines
42
DNA intercalating agent that causes pancytopenia?
Dactinomycin
43
Lung, breast, sarcomas, malignant lymphomas treatable with?
Doxorubicin
44
Anthracycline that treats metastatic breast and gastric cancer?
Epirubicin
45
DNA intercalating agent that acts in G2?
Bleomycin
46
Pulmonary, cutaneous toxicity with hyperthermia?
Bleomycin
47
Bleomycin treats?
Testicular tumors, Hodgkin's disease, squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas
48
Vinca alkaloids?
Vinblastine, Vincristine
49
Block depolymerization of microtubules?
Taxanes (Paclitaxel, Docetaxel)
50
Microtubule inhibitor side effect?
Peripheral neuropathies (except vinblastine)
51
With bleomycin and cysplatin to treat what?
Vinblastine, metastatic testicular tumor
52
Paclitaxel treats?
Metastatic breast, ovarian, lung, head and neck?
53
Docetaxal treats but paclitexal does not?
Hormone refractory prostate cancer
54
Topoisomerase inhibitors classes?
Epipodophyllotoxins (II), Capthothecin analogs (I)
55
Treats advanced colorectal cancer, brain, ovarian and lung cancer?
Irinotecan
56
Topoisomerase II inhibitors?
Etoposide, Teniposide
57
Etoposide treats?
Testicular carcinoma, lung cancer, non-Hodgkin's
58
Epipodophyllotoxin that treats ALL?
Teniposide
59
Camptothecin analog that treats ovarian and small cell lung cancer?
Topotecan
60
Glucocorticoids?
Prednisone, Dexamathasone
61
Reduces edema in brain and spinal cord tumors?
Dexamethasone
62
Prednisone treats?
ALL, CLL, multiple myeloma, lymphomas
63
SERM?
Tamoxifen
64
Tamoxifen competes with?
Estradiol
65
Fulvestrant is?
Selective ER Downregulator
66
Aromatase inhibitor with significant toxicity?
Aminoglutethamide
67
3rd generation aromatise inhibitor?
Anastrazole
68
Leuprolide and Goserelin?
GnRH analogs
69
Used in androgen ablation therapy with GnRH analogs?
Androgen-receptor blockers (Flutamide, Bicalutamide)
70
Flutamide and what are AR blockers?
Bicalutamide
71
Imatinib treats?
CML, GIST
72
Treat imatinib-resistant CML?
Dasatinib, Nilotinib
73
TKI with QT prolongation?
Nilotinib
74
Pulmonary arterial HTN from this TKI?
Dasatinib
75
Inhibit EGFR may help?
Non-small lung cancer
76
Treat non-small lung cancer with these EGFR inhibitors?
Gefitinib, Erlotinib
77
CD20 B-cell antibody?
Rituximab
78
Rituximab side effects?
TLS, PML, mucocutaneous reactions
79
Refractory, relapsed Non-Hodgkin's?
Rituximab
80
Trastuzumab treats?
HER2/neu overexpressing metastatic breast cancer, gastric, GE junction cancers
81
Combined with taxanes to treat breast cancer?
Trastuzumab
82
Trastuzumab enhances cardiotoxicity of?
Doxorubicin
83
Trastuzumab conjugated with?
Emtansine (Ado-trastuzumab-emtansine)
84
EGFR1 inhibitor?
Cetuximab
85
Treasts EGFR-positive metastatic colorectal cancer and SCCHN?
Cetuximab
86
RIsk of pulmonary embolism?
Cetuximab
87
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 inhibitor that stimulates the immune system?
Ipilimumab
88
Oncogenic kinase of melanoma?
BRAF
89
BRAF inhibitors?
Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib
90
MEK inhibitor?
Trametinib
91
Risk of cutaneous SCC, keratoacanthoma, new primary cutaneous melanoma?
Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib
92
Serious febrile reactions, hyperglycemia and male infertility?
Dabrafenib
93
Skin toxicities, female infertility, cardiomyopathy and retinal disorders?
Trametinib
94
Relapsed AP:?
Arsenic Trioxide
95
Inhibits ribonucleoside diphosphate reductase?
Hydroxyurea
96
Lekocyte Activation Syndrome?
Retinoids
97
Treats PV, ET and SC?
Hydroxyurea
98
Multiple myeloma and myelodysplastic syndromes?
Thalidomide
99
Interferons treat?
Hairy-cell leukemia, CML, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma
100
Blocks LAS?
Corticosteroids
101
FEC?
5-fluorouracil, epirubicin, cyclophosphamide
102
CMF?
Cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil
103
MOPP?
Mechlorethamine, vincristine (oncovine), procarbazine, prednisone
104
ABVD?
Doxorubicin (adiamycin), bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine
105
CHOP?
Cyclophosphamide, hydroxydoxorubicin, vincristine (oncovine), prednisone
106
Pyrimidine analog given IV?
5-Fluorouracil
107
Dacarbazine: oral or IV?
IV
108
Temozolomide: oral or IV
Oral
109
Nitrogen mustards with long half-lives?
Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide
110
List the CCNS and CCS chemotherapeutics.
CCNS: Alkylating agents, DNA intercalating agents (except bleomycin--G2). CCS: Antimetabolites (S-phase) (except gemcitabine), MT Inhibitors (M-phase), Topoisomerase inhibitors
111
Treat brain tumors?
Carmustine, Lomustine
112
Dacarbazine class?
Triazene
113
Temozolomide class?
Triazene
114
Most widely used alkylating agent?
Cyclophospamide
115
Cyclophosphamide treats?
ALL, CLL, breast, lung, ovarian, Non-Hodgkin's
116
Cisplatin treats?
Testicular, ovarian, cervical, bladder, H & N, lung
117
Sarcoma and testicular cancer?
Ifosfamide
118
5-Fluorouracil treats?
Breast, cervical, gastric, H & N, colorectal, pancreatic
119
Non-Anthracycline DNA Intercalating agents?
Dactinomycin, Bleomycin
120
Vinca alkaloid that treats Childhood ALL with glucocorticoids?
Vincristine
121
Microtubule inhibitor that treats Hodgkin's and non-hodgkin's?
Vincristine
122
Bicalutamide class?
AR-blocker
123
GnRH analogs?
Leuprolide, Goserelin
124
Aromotase inhibitors?
Aminoglutethamide, Anastrazole
125
Serine/Threonine Kinase inhibitors?
Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib
126
Hypersensitivity, ventricular dysfunction, CHF?
Trastuzamab
127
Uveitis, Iritis?
Dabrafenib
128
AKA adriamycin?
Doxorubicin
129
AKA oncovine?
Vincristine
130
Characteristics of LAS?
Fever, weight gain, respiratory distress, serosal effusion, renal failure
131
Important side effect of alkylating agents?
Leukemogenic
132
Resistance to alkylating agents?
Decreased permeability or uptake; Increased catabolism; Increased DNA repair; Increased glutathione (inactivates alkylating agents)
133
Temozolomide converted to what at physiological pH?
Methylhydrazine
134
Can be used with myelosuppressive drugs due to limited bone marrow toxicity?
Vincristine
135
Treats refractory and relapsed follicular lymphomas?
Rituximab
136
Proved superior to MOPP and CHOP in Phase III trials for Hodgkin's?
ABVD
137
Breast cancer combinations?
FEC, CMF
138
MOPP usually for?
Lymphomas
139
Combined with cytarabine to treat AML?
Anthracyclines (EXCEPT if cardiotoxicity concerns--use Mitoxantrone)
140
Activated by Cytochrome p450?
Cyclophasphamide, Ifosfamide
141
Is Dacarbazine a prodrug?
Yes, activated by the liver.
142
How is Temozolomide activated?
Nonenzymatic conversion to methylhydrazine at physiological pH
143
5-FU mxn of action?
Prodrug. 5-dUMP inhibits TS. 5-dUTP interferes with RNA.
144
Most severe side effect of cytarabine?
Severe myelosuppression
145
Cytarabine mxn of action?
Ara-C to Ara-CMP via deoxycytidine kinase. Terminates DNA as Ara-CTP.
146
Gemcitabine mxn of action?
Prodrug. dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase. dFdCTP terminates DNA synthesis.
147
First-line against pancreatic cancer?
Gemcitabine
148
Antimetabolite with hepatotoxicity in prolonged use?
6-Mercaptopurine
149
Dactinomycn mxn of action?
Intercalates G-C bps, interfering with DNA dependent RNA polymerase. Causes ssDNA breaks.
150
Benefit of bleomycin side effects?
Minimaly myelo- and immunosuppressive.
151
Bleomycin does what in G2?
Binds to DNA, producing ss and ds breaks.
152
Contraindications of Nilotinib?
Long QT, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia
153
Arthralgia, fatigue, photosensitivity, nausea, alopecia, diarrhea, long QT?
Vemurafenib
154
Allergies, sudden cardiac death, dermatologic problems, infections, renal failure, electrolyte abnormalities, pulmonary embolism, intersititial pneumonitis?
Cetuximab
155
Retinoids treat, combined with?
APL, anthracyclines (or Arsenic Trioxide if unable to handle anthracyclines, although trend is toward ATRA + AT)
156
Major side effect of Ado-trastuzamab-emtansine?
Hepatotoxicity, ventricular dysfunction
157
Cetuximab approved in combination with?
5-FU, Irinotecan, Leucovorin
158
Serious skin toxicity as most important side effect?
Trametinib
159
Methotrexate effect on bone marrow?
Severe suppression
