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Anatomy > Chest Wall > Flashcards

Chest Wall Flashcards

(104 cards)

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1
Q

Structures of the thoracic wall

5

A 
Skin
Fascia
Muscles
Bones
Nerves and blood vessels
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2
Q

Viscera

A

Internal organs of the main body cavities

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3
Q

Functions of the thoracic wall

A

Protection of thoracic viscera
Provides mechanical function of breathing
Affords attachment for the muscles of the thorax, abdomen, upper extremity and back

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4
Q

The biggest muscle in the front of the chest is …….and it takes origin from …..

A

Pectoralis major

The ribs

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5
Q

The thorax (chest) is

A

The region between the neck and the abdomen.

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6
Q

What separates the abdomen from the thorax is

A

Diaphragm

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7
Q

What separates the neck from the thorax

A

Suprapleural membrane (sibsons fascia)

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8
Q

Cavity of the thorax is divided into

A

Median partition

Lateral partition

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9
Q

The median partition is ….. but the lateral partition is ……..

A

Mediastinum

Pleurae and lungs

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10
Q

Visceral pleura

A

Thin membrane covering the lungs

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11
Q

The inner surface of the chest wall (ribs) are lined by

A

Parietal pleura

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12
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Sac between parietal pleura and visceral pleura

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13
Q

Hemothorax

A

Blood in the pleural cavity

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14
Q

The bony part of the thoracic wall consists of

A

12 pairs of ribs and costal cartilages
12 thoracic vertebrae
Sternum

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15
Q

Ribs are ……

A

Flat curved bones with high resilience

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16
Q

Most of the thoracic cage is

A

Ribs

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17
Q

True ribs

A

1-7

Their costal cartridge is attached to the sternum

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18
Q

False ribs

A

8-10

There attached to the costal cartridge of the rib above it .

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19
Q

Floating ribs

A

11-12

Not attached to anything from the front

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20
Q

According to their relation to the vertebrae there are 2 types of ribs

A

Typical 3-9

Atypical 1,2,10,11,12

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21
Q

What is a typical rib

A

It’s attached to its own vertebrae + the one above

Eg: rib no 4 is attached to vertebrae 3 and 4

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22
Q

What is an atypical or non typical rib

A

Rib that articulates with it’s own vertebra

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23
Q

In typical ribs the … end is higher than the …. end

A

Posterior

Anterior

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24
Q

In typical ribs, the ribs run downwards while the… run upwards

A

CC

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25
Parts of typical ribs 4
Head Neck Tubercle Shaft
26
Head of ribs
Wedge shaped with 2 articular facets (to connect to 2 vertebrae), crest in between
27
Neck of ribs
Connects head to tubercle
28
Tubercle
Articular smooth and non articular rough areas
29
Shaft/ body
Angle & costal groove
30
The angle of the rib is
Between the posterior quarter of the rib that is cylindrical and anterior 3 quarters that are flattened and have upper and lower borders
31
Costal groove
Lower aspect of inner surface
32
Outer surface of shaft is ..... (convex/concave) and covered by ......
Convex | Muscles
33
Inner surface of shaft is .... and covered by .....
Concave | Pleura
34
TP
Transverse process
35
Tubercle articulates with
The TP it’s own vertebrae
36
What is in the costal groove
Neurovascular bundle | Intercostal nerves/ arteries/ veins
37
Ribs and costal cartridges from 1 to 7
Increase in length
38
Longest rib
7
39
From ribs 1-8
Transverse diameter of ribs increase
40
Greatest lateral production is in rib
8
41
When palpated from the front the lowest point is
Cartridge 10
42
The lowest cartridge
Cartridge 11
43
Ribs from 1-9 increase in
Obliquity | ميلان
44
The most oblique rib is
9
45
What ribs have 1 facet on the head
10,11,12, 1,2
46
Scalenus
muscles extending from the neck to the first and second ribs.
47
Tubercle
Small rounded point of a bone
48
Flat rib
Highest, shortest, flattest, most curved, most fixed rib. No angle, no costal groove
49
All ribs have inner and outer surfaces but first rib has
upper lower surfaces. And inner outer borders
50
What is in front of and behind scalene tubercle
Front : subclavian veins groove | Back: subclavian arteries and branchial plexus groove
51
Vein groove is clearer and more superficial that arteries groove
Arteries have higher pressure
52
Where is the scalene tubercle and what’s it function
Inner border of first rib | Place of scalenous anterior muscle
53
brachial plexus
network of nerve fibres that supplies upper limb located above subclavian arteries
54
Thoracic cage
Bony part of thoracic wall
55
Articular
Related to the joint
56
Groove is
long, narrow cut or depression in a hard material.
57
Articular facets are
The facets on the head of the ribs
57
Lowest point from the front is rib num
10
58
Has one facet, no angle, no costal groove, most curved
Flat rib (first rib)
59
Shallow groove for subclavian veins is .... to the scalene tubercle but groove of subclavian arteries is ..... to the tubercle.
Anterior | Posterior
60
Relation of neck of 1st rib
Medially: inferior cervical sympathetic ganglion Laterally: anterior primi rami of 1st thoracic nerve In the Middle: superior intercostal artery
61
In front of the neck of first rib ... structure arteries and ... nerves
3 | 2
62
How do we stop hyprhydrosis
By cutting the sympathetic trunk
63
Cervical rib
Extra rib from c7 vertebrae, could be boney or cartilage (ligamentous)
64
Cervical rib is present in ..% on people and it’s side affects are
1 | Pressure on structures, nerves and arteries that supply the upper limb.
65
What does the pressure supplied by cervical ribs do
Tingling and numbness (partial paralysis ulnar side of forearm and hand) Ischemic muscle pain (pallor coldness) (cold hand)
66
Chest injuries are most common in ... ribs and ... area
Middle ribs 5-10 | Anterior to the angle
67
Air in pleural cavity
Pneumothorax jet black in x rays
68
Blood in pleural cavity
Hemothorax
69
Complications of rib fractures
Injuries to underlying structures
70
Sternum
Flat vertically elongated bone that forms the middle anterior part of thoracic cage
71
Parts of sternum from upper to lower with measurements
Manubrium 2inches Body 4inches Xiphoid process 1inch
72
Handle of the dagger (of sternum)
Manubrium
73
The manubrium lies opposite to ...,.... thoracic vertebrae
3 | 4
74
Notches in manubrium
1) Jugular (Suprasternal ) notch (on top in the middle) 2) Clavicular notch (لعظمة الترقوة) on both sides of clavicular notches 3) costal notches (for the first rib and for the 2nd rib on the cross section between manubrium and body)
75
Manubriosternal joint
``` Sternal angle (angle of lewis) 2ْ fibro cartilaginous joint Palpated ```
76
What is angle of lewis opposite to
Disc between T4 T5 | 2nd costal cartilage
77
Body of sternum is opposite to ... while xiphoid process is opposite to...
T5-T9 | T9
78
Costal notches from 3 to 7 are in
Body
79
Sternal puncture
Specimen of Bone marrow can be taken from sternum
80
Why Sternal puncture efficive
Contains red bone marrow through life Lies subcutaneously Thin layer of cortical bone
81
Sternal splitting
Splitting sternum longitudinally in cardiac surgery
82
RTA
Road traffic accident
83
Boundaries of superior thoracic opening
T1 1st rib Manubrium Oblique
84
Boundaries of inferior thoracic opening
T12 11,12 rib 7-10 costal cartilage Xiphisternal joint
85
Xiphoid process is ... (bone/cartilage)
Cartilage at birth but develops into a bone in the 40s
86
4 joints of anterior thoracic cage and their types
``` Costo chondral (1ْ cartilaginous) Sternocostal joints (synovial plane except 1st) Manubriosternal joint (2ْ cartilaginous) Xiphisternal joint (1ْ cartilaginous) ```
87
Muscles of thoracic wall 3
Diaphragm Intercostal muscles Accessory muscles of respiration
88
3 layers of m that cover intercostal spaces
External IM Internal IM Intermost IM
89
External IM extend from ... until..
Tubercle of rib behind till junction of rib with their costal cartilage From lower border of rib above to upper border of rib below
90
External IM runs
Downward forward towards sternum
91
Anteriorly the external IM are replacing by (the area above the cc)
Ant intercostal membrane
92
IM
Intercostal muscles
93
Internal intercostal m runs
Downward and backwards
94
Internal IM is from
Sternum to a little behind maxillary line Outer lip of cc of rib above to upper border of rib below
95
Internal IM is replaced posteriorly by
Posterior intercostal membrane
96
Innermost intercostal muscles are on
Lateral sides only
97
Intermost IM runs
Downward and backwards from inner lip of cg of rib above to upper border of rib belly
98
T Tm sternocostalis
4-5 slips of muscles | From pot surface of lower sternum to 2nd 6th cc
99
how are nerves arteries and veins organized is subclavian groove
VAN
100
Where is it safe to make incisions in the ribs and why
Upper border of rib below because in the lower border of rib above it’s subclavian groove
101
What is in the upper border of rib below?
Collateral branches
102
Actions of IM
Elevation of ribs in inspiration | Tension of IM prevents ballooning and drawn inwards in breathing.
103
What supplies IM
Nerves: anterior primi rami of corresponding IC nerve and collateral branch.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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