Child Development

Question 1

Longitudinal

Answer 1

When you study the same group over time at different ages. They are given the same experiment.
Benefits are that you are reducing the confounding variables. You have kept the same kids and reduced the confounding variables.
Drawbacks: takes a long time, over a decade.

Question 2

Attrition

Answer 2

means that people drop out of longitudinal studies.

Question 3

Cross-sectional

Answer 3

When you look at different groups with the same measure and different ages at the same time.
Drawbacks: You may have confounding variables because of Cohorts (A group of people that have similar world experiences. Often plus or minus 5 years).
Benefits: Study takes significantly less time.

Question 4

Conception

Answer 4

The sperm is responsible for the sex of the baby

Question 5

(After Conception) Zygote

Answer 5

A cluster of cells that travels the fallopian tube. Lasts two weeks.

Question 6

Zygote attaches to the Uterus and begins the stage of the Embryo. What is the Embryo?

Answer 6

Period of two-eight weeks. During that time major organ systems are forming. Also when you start to see the primitive structure of the brain, the brainstem. The most sensitive phase of development. The most long term damage can occur during this period.

Question 7

Fetus (end of the 8th week till birth)

Answer 7

Continued growth of all the systems started as an embryo.

Question 8

Teratogens

Answer 8

can impact the growth of fetus or embryo; adverse environmental impacts on the fetus. (Anything that crosses the placental barrier).

Question 9

Common Teratogens

Answer 9

Smoking
Cocaine (illicit drugs)
Caffeine
Alcohol
Will cause: Low birth weight, premature babies, breathing problems, still births

Question 10

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Answer 10

kids with syndrome have physical anomalies such as an upturned nose, widely spaced eyes, clef lips, small chins, and small heads for their size. Kids small in stature. Can behavioral and cognitive problems. Typically they have alcoholic mothers drinking to excess.

Question 11

Failure to thrive

Answer 11

Result of severe neglect. Children are short in stature, very frail, will most often have cognitive problems.

Question 12

Deprivation Dwarfism

Answer 12

is the same as the latter with no cognitive problems.

Question 13

Thomas and Chess Temperament Categories

Answer 13

40% fell into group called easy children.
15% Slow to warm up children
10% were difficult children.
Goodness of fit: Difficult children can cause parents to be difficult.

Question 14

What is lateralization?

Answer 14

localization of function on either the right or left sides of the brain.