Child Development theorists

Question 1

5 perspectives on child development

Answer 1

psychoanalytic, learning, cognitive, contextual, evolutionary

Question 1

Maturational Theory

Answer 1

Genetic, programmed to work a certain way

Question 2

psychoanalytic and psychosocial theory

Answer 2

environment influences social-emotional development

Question 3

cognitive-developmental theory

Answer 3

genetically based, 4 stages of development

Question 4

behaviorism

Answer 4

which a mental link is formed between two events

Question 5

essential needs theory

Answer 5

Maslow’s hierarch of needs

Question 6

Bandura

Answer 6

social learning theory

Question 7

Kolhberg

Answer 7

moral development, pre-conventional and so on

Question 8

Bronfenbrenner

Answer 8

Ecological model (micro meso etc)

Question 9

Physical Domain

Answer 9

can’t be hurried and influences development in other domains: how someone grows physically, physical actions they can take

Question 10

Motor Domain

Answer 10

how one moves, fine motor skills; clephocaudal (head to toe) and proximodistal (central to extremities); refining motor skills, mostly involuntary at first in the child’s life

Question 11

Perceptual Domain

Answer 11

multisensory info from senses, habituation, focus on specific sensory info, sensory integration, as well as acting on senses.

Question 12

Cognitive Domain

Answer 12

way your mind interacts with all these domains as well as the way one thinks and how the brain responds to various stimuli and thoughts.

Question 13

Speech and Language Domain

Answer 13

receptive language develops first (crying or making sounds to receive something), then expressive language develops second (using language and words to express feelings and desires, as well as more logical thoughts.

Question 14

Social and Emotional Domain

Answer 14

fostered through healthy relationships as the child grows older and older, trust, security, as well as learning about social roles.

Question 15

Moral Domain

Answer 15

a child’s knowledge of what is right vs wrong, how they treat others with respect and kindness as they grow up and become more involved in social scenarios, such as schools or daycare, siblings, etc.

Question 16

10 things every child needs

Answer 16

Interaction
Touch
Self-esteem
Stable Relationships
Healthy and Safe Environment
Quality Child Care
Communication
Play
Reading/Literacy
Music

Question 17

proximity maintenance (bowlby)

Answer 17

the desire to be near the people we are attached to,

Question 18

secure base (bowlby)

Answer 18

involves the attachment figure providing a secure base from which the child can explore the world

Question 19

safe haven (bowlby)

Answer 19

the ability to return to the attachment figure for comfort and safety when faced with fear or threat

Question 20

physical development

Answer 20

includes growth of the body and brain, sensory capacities, motor skills, and health.

Question 21

cognitive development

Answer 21

includes learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity.

Question 22

psychosocial development

Answer 22

includes emotions, personality, and social relationships.

Question 23

maturation

Answer 23

unfolding of a universal, natural sequence of physical changes and behavior patterns. It acts in concert with the influences of hereditary and the environment.

Question 24

normative influences

Answer 24

are biological or environmental events that affect many or most people in a society in similar ways.

Question 25

Imprinting

Answer 25

instinctive form of learning thought to be automatic and irreversible, such as when an animal forms an attachment to the first moving object it sees.

Question 26

critical period

Answer 26

a specific time when a given event, or its absence, has a profound and specific impact on development

Question 27

plasticity

Answer 27

is the modifiability of performance seen in many aspects of development.

Question 28

sensitive periods

Answer 28

are times in development when a developing person is especially responsive to certain kinds of experiences.

Question 29

Freud’s stages

Answer 29

oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 30

Erikson’s psychosocial approach stages

Answer 30

each had a “crisis” in identity

Question 31

learning perspective

Answer 31

development comes through learning and experiences in an environment

Question 32

operant conditioning

Answer 32

type of learning based on an association of behavior with its consequences.

Question 33

contextual perspective

Answer 33

development can only be understood in the social context

Question 34

psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 34

unconcious, universal. biology drives development

Question 35

evolutionary perspective

Answer 35

evolutionary and biological bases of behavior