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3088 - final edition > Child health and development > Flashcards

Child health and development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the Three core concepts in early development?

A
  1. Experiences build brain architecture
  2. Serve and return interaction shapes brain circuitry
  3. Toxic stress derails healthy development
    • Constant stimulation of stress response can inhibit child’s development and mean the child is always in toxic stress
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2
Q

What is EDI - Equity from the start ?

A

= childs ability to meet a few standards during school to track their development

  • EDI tools play a fundamental role in building emerging global consensus that early development is a social determinant of health
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3
Q

Core development 6-8 weeks

A
  • Begins to smile at people
  • Turns head towards sounds
  • Can hold head up
  • Begins to follow things with eyes
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4
Q

Core development 6 months

A
  • Copies sounds
  • Begins to sit without support
  • Likes to play with others, especially parents
  • Responds to own name
  • Strings vowels when babbling
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5
Q

Core development 12 months

A
  • Uses simple gestures such as shaking head for ‘no’ or waving
  • Copies gestures
  • Responds to simple spoken requests
  • Says mama and dada
  • Pulls to stand
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6
Q

Core development 18 months

A
  • Says several single words
  • Walks alone
  • Knows what ordinary things example are, spoon
  • Plays simple pretend e.g., feeding a doll
  • Points to show something interesting
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7
Q

Core development 2 years

A
  • Says sentences with 2-4 words
  • Gets excited with other children
  • Follows simple instructions
  • Kicks a ball
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8
Q

Core development 3 years

A
  • Copies adults and friends
  • Carries on a conversation 2-3 sentences
  • Plays make believe with dolls etc
  • Shows affection
  • Climbs well
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9
Q

Core development 4 years

A
  • Tells stories
  • Hops and stands on one food
  • Would rather play with other children alone
  • Plays cooperatively
  • Draws a person with 2-4 body parts
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10
Q

Child Development assessment ( 3 aspects)

A

Risk and protective factors of:

  1. Biological
    - premature and serious illness
    - temperament
  2. Parenting:
    - infant-caregiver attachment (key factor in brain development)
    - inconsistent parenting
    - harsh discipline
    - parental psychopathology
    - maternal depression
    - maternal substance abuse
  3. Family and social factors
    - family violence
    - quality of parental relationship
    - poverty and social class
    - social isolation
    - adolescent parenting (risk of child in poverty, adolescent mothers still need their development)
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11
Q

Physical growth and development assessment

A

Assessed in terms of:

  • physical growth: increase in size
  • development: growth in function and capability
  • Both processes highly depend on genetic, nutritional and environment factors
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12
Q

What are the two frameworks of development

A
  1. Brofenbrenners ecological framework of development
  2. Biopsychosocial development

Concepts overlap

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13
Q

Q: Give examples of genetic, nutritional and environmental factors that affect growth?

A
  • Low birth weight
  • premature
  • malnutrition
  • birth defects
  • alcohol exposure in eutro
  • mother smoking while pregnant
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14
Q

What are some different assessment tools for growth and development?

A 
Physical growth 
Puberty 
Motor development 
Language development 
Cognitive development 
Emotional and behavioral development
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15
Q

Physical growth assessment

A
  • full height and weight, increase in organ size

- 2 phases of growth: birth to 1-2 and 2-onset of puberty

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16
Q

Puberty assessment

A
  • is the process of physical maturation from child to adult.
    • Adolescence defines an age group, puberty occurs during adolescence
    • at puberty a 2nd growth spurt occurs
17
Q

Motor development

A
  • find motor (picking up small objects, drawing) and gross motor (walking, climbing stairs) skills
18
Q

Language development

A
  • the ability to understand language precedes the ability to speak; children with few words can usually understand alto
    • although delays in expressive speech are typically not accompanied by other developmental delays, all children with excessive language delays should be evaluated for presence of other delays
19
Q

Cognitive development

A
  • refers to the intellectual maturation of children

- reading to children from a young age provides intellectual stimulation

20
Q

Emotional and behavioral development

A
  • emotion and behaviour are based on the child’s developmental stage and temperament
  • emotional growth and the acquisition of social skills are assessed by watching children interact with others in everyday situations
21
Q

Discuss the rational for the different temperature taking routes in children?

A

Axillary: recommended for routine clinical use but be aware that axillary temps are up to 1 degree lower than rectal

Rectal: gold standard for measuring central body temp but not always appropriate or necessary

Tympanic: not recommended as unreliable

3088 - final edition (9 decks)

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