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Pre-reg Exam 2021 > Childhood Conditions > Flashcards

Childhood Conditions Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is colic?

A

Excessive high pitched crying

Rule of 3 - 3 hrs/day, 3 days/week, 3 weeks

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2
Q

How long does colic last?

A

Starts infancy resolves around 4-6 months

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3
Q

What are the signs of colic?

A 
Difficult to comfort
Red face
Clenched fists
Knees drawn up 
Excessive gas
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4
Q

When do you refer for colic?

A

Inconsolable crying

Failure to put on weight with age

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5
Q

What is used for OTC colic?

A

Infacol (simeticone)

Lactase enzyme (colief)

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6
Q

What is advice for colic?

A

Not parents fault, will grow out of it

Remove cows milk for 1 week trial

Massage tummy in circular motion

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7
Q

What is cradle cap?

A

Greasy yellow scales on scalp

Before 6 months old
Self limiting

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8
Q

When should cradle cap be referred?

A

Severe on face/body
Swelling, scratching, bleeding

Infected/inflamed

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9
Q

How do you treat OTC cradle cap?

A

Baby shampoo and soft brush
Olive oil

Capasal
Nizoral

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10
Q

What is the advice for cradle cap?

A

Common and harmless
Not contagious
Do not pick scales

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11
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis in children?

A 
Non blanching rash
Flu like symptoms worsening
High fever
Severe muscle ache
Nausea and vomiting

Stiff neck
Severe headache
Cold hands and feet
Confusion
Drowsiness
Photophobia
Seizures
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12
Q

What are the symptoms of meningitis in infants?

A 
Floppiness/unresponsive
Dislike being handled
Refuse feeds
Difficult to wake
Rapid breathing
Unusual cry
Bulging fontanelle
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13
Q

When do you refer meningitis?

A

ALL suspected cases

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14
Q

What is the advice for meningitis?

A

Trust gut instincts

Bacterial meningitis is life threatening and can cause blood poisoning and limb amputation

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of measles?

A

Koplik spots
Conjunctivitis
Cold like symptoms
Fever

Rash starts behind ears then spreads to face, trunk, limbs

Red-brown confluent and blotchy rash

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of mumps?

A

Fever
Headache
Malaise

Swelling on one or both sides of face

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17
Q

What are the symptoms of rubella?

A

Lymphadenopathy

Rash starts on face then spreads to trunk and limbs

Pink-red macular non-confluent rash

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18
Q

When should you refer MMR?

A

ALL cases

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19
Q

What is an OTC product used for MMR?

A

Paracetamol

Ibuprofen

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20
Q

What is the advice for MMR?

A

Bed rest
Hydrated
Keep children off school during contagious period
Avoid acidic drinks in mumps
Children with rubella should keep away from pregnant women

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21
Q

How long is measles contagious for?

A

4 days after rash

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22
Q

How long is mumps contagious for?

A

5 days after swelling

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23
Q

How long is rubella contagious for?

A

6 days after rash

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24
Q

What is the most dangerous in children measles, mumps or rubella?

25
What are the risks associated with mumps in adults?
Risk of meningitis and sterility
26
Why should children with rubella stay away from pregnant women?
Foetal damage
27
What are the symptoms of irritant nappy rash?
Erythmatous rash on buttocks
28
What are the symptoms of fungal nappy rash?
Satellite rash - small red applies on outer edge Rash concentrated in skin folds - between buttocks and under cheeks
29
When should you refer nappy rash?
``` Broken skin Severe nappy rash Yellow crust/weeping Other body areas affected OTC failure > 1 week ```
30
What is used for OTC nappy rash?
Barrier preparations Clotrimazole - canesten antifungal Miconazole - daktarin Apply for 7 days after clearing to prevent it returning
31
What is the advice for nappy rash?
Change nappies as soon as soiled or wet Leave nappy off to allow skin to air dry Avoid waterproof nappies as worsens skin rash Wash nappy area thoroughly with water or wipes
32
What are the symptoms of oral thrush in children?
Common in babies White patches on tongue and mucosal surfaces inside mouth
33
When do you refer oral thrush?
All except babies Recurrent infection OTC failure > 1 week
34
How do you treat oral thrush OTC?
Daktarin oral gel - 4 months + Apply QDS after meals Continue for at least 1 week after symptoms disappear
35
What is the interaction between miconazole and warfarin?
Bleeding
36
What is the advice for oral thrush?
Use spacer and rinse mouth when using high dose ICS Treat nappy rash if also present Sterilise bottle teats If breastfeeding apply miconazole cream to nipple and wipe away before feed
37
What are the symptoms of slapped cheek?
Bright red rash on cheeks Light pink, lace like, itchy rash on trunk and limbs Initial cold like symptoms Most contagious period
38
When do you refer slapped cheek?
Pregnant women Blood disorders Symptoms of severe anaemia
39
What is used OTC for slapped cheek?
Paracetamol or ibuprofen Antihistamines
40
What is the advice for slapped cheek?
Rest and plenty of fluids Once rash appears it is no longer contagious
41
What are the symptoms of whooping cough?
Runny nose, watery eyes, sore throat, slight fever Whooping cough
42
What is used OTC for whooping cough?
Fever - paracetamol or ibuprofen
43
What is the advice for whooping cough?
Stay away from school 5 days after starting antibiotics or 3 weeks after coughing started Cover child’s mouth and nose with a tissue when coughing/sneezing
44
What are the symptoms of chicken pox?
Small red spots, very itchy and infectious blisters First chest or face Up to three days before - fever, headache, sore throat, myalgia, malaise
45
What do you use to treat chicken pox otc?
Itching - calamine, crotamiton, chlorphenamine (1+) Fever - paracetamol, avoid ibuprofen
46
What is the advice for chicken pox?
Do not scratch lesions | Very contagious until lesions have crusted over
47
What are the symptoms of a fever in children?
High temperature above 38 Normal is 37 High grade is > 39 Feel hotter than usual Sweaty and clammy Flushed cheeks
48
When do you refer a fever in children?
< 3 months and > 38 3-6 months and > 39 > 24 hours in 3-6 months > 72 hours in > 6 months Dehydration Febrile convulsions Floppiness, drowsiness, persistent vomiting, rash, seizures
49
What is used OTC to treat fever in children?
Paracetamol 120/5mg 2 months+ over 4 kg Ibuprofen 100mg/5ml 3 months + over 5kg
50
What are the doses for paracetamol in children?
3-6 months - 2.5ml 6-24 months - 5 ml 2-4 years - 7.5 ml 4-6 years - 10ml Of 120mg/5ml suspension QDS Post immunisation - 2,3,4 months 2.5ml up to QDS Meningitis B - 2.5 ml, then 2.5ml after 4-6 hours, then 2.5ml after 4-6 hours (unlicensed)
51
What are the doses for ibuprofen in children?
``` 3-6 months - 2.5 ml 6-12 months - 2.5 ml TDS/QDS 1-3 years - 5 ml 4-6 years - 7.5 ml 7-9 years - 10 ml ``` TDS Post immunisation - 2,3 months - 2.5 ml then further 2.5 ml if required 100mg/5ml
52
What are the symptoms of impetigo?
Golden crust lesions Non-bullous - small red sores around nose and mouth, blisters and burst, can be itchy but otherwise asymptomatic Bullous - neonates, fluid filled blisters on trunk or arms, spreads before bursting, painful and itchy, fever and swollen lymph glands
53
When do you refer impetigo?
All cases Need antibiotics Topical fusidic acid cream for mild cases in small area Oral Flucloxacillin if severe or widespread
54
What is used to treat impetigo?
Paracetamol if required
55
What is the advice for impetigo?
Contagious - stay away from school until rash clears Hygiene - do not share towels or tough lesions, do not scratch
56
What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?
Pink-red, itchy sandpaper rash | Sore throat, headache, high temperature, flushed cheeks, strawberry tongue
57
When do you refer scarlet fever?
Requires antibiotic Amoxicillin for 10 days
58
What is the OTC product for scarlet fever?
Paracetamol Antihistamines/calamine
59
What is the advice for scarlet fever?
Very contagious Keep children off for at least 24 hours after starting antibiotics Avoid sharing towels, clothes, bed linen, cups Cover mouth when sneezing and coughing

Pre-reg Exam 2021 (79 decks)

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