1. leukemia 2. cns tumor 3. lymphoma (hodgkins, non >15y) 4. bone cancer 5. neuroblastoma (infants)

childhood/dolescent infections Flashcards by Leslie Ryan

red flags for childhood infx:
persistent pain
swelling/redness in 1 joint
fever
unusual rash
6 more

loss of appetite
fever
limp
weakness
unexplained weight loss
tired

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5 MC ped cancers

leukemia
cns tumor
lymphoma (hodgkins, non >15y)
bone cancer
neuroblastoma (infants)

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2 MC childhood bone cancers

ewing’s sarcoma

osteogenic sarcoma

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MC solid tumor besides CNS tumor, 50% dx’d in first 2 years

neuroblastoma

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abx resistant infx if in marrow, stiff neck, HA, vomit, bone pn
if hypothalamus destroying, inc appetite and weight

leukemia

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cancer in 5-10yo, often mis dx’d dt rapid growth and mimic of other dx

CNS/brain tumor

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B and T cell, burkett’s lymphoma

painless swelling, often liver and spleen

non-hodgekin’s lymphoma

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rare cancer male 2:1 involving the long bones around the knee

bone cancer

osteosarc >ewings

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cancer usually in adrenal glands, abd, neck, pelvic or chest sympathetic ganglia

neuroblastoma

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s/s: swollen gums, fever, pallor, bleeding, bone pain, fatigue

leukemia

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s/s: HA worse in AM, n/v, seizure, personality change, ataxia, hemiplegia, blurry vision, CN palsies

CNS/brain tumor

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s/s cells spreadin lymph glands of neck, chest, abd

fatigue, fever, cough, chills, night sweats, pruritis, HA, weight loss, facial edema, abd pn, SOB

lymphoma

non and hodgkins

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s/s pain and swelling at site of tumor, pain progresses to severe, limp, wakes at night with fever and sweating, systemic signs of infx

bone cancer

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s/s: fever, abd pn, weight loss, FTT, irritability, abd or c/s mass, chronic/watery diarrhea, ptosis, pallor, croup, bowel/bladder dysfx

neuroblastoma

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CHILDCANCER acronym

Continued, unexplained weight loss
HA, with early AM vomiting
Inc swelling/bone pn
Lump/mass
Dev of bruising/bleeding/rash
Constant infx
A whitish color behind eye
Nausea or vomiting
Constant tireness/pallor
Eye/vision changes
Recurrent fever of unknown origin

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hard, non-mobile/non-tender lymph nodes
unexplained weight loss
abd mass (+ blood)
recurrent HAs
cervical lymphadenopathy
unexplained weight loss
occult blood in stool/urine
bone pain (esp w fever)

childhood cancer red flags

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MC malignancy in children

ALL

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leukemia with lower cure rate, 15%

AML

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HA, visual disturbances, general discomfort in extremities could indicate a ____ tumor

pituitary

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16x22mm (acrossxdeep) on xray taken at 40” FFD is indicative of

enlarged sella turcica

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pituitary adenoma secreting growth hormone

acromegaly

gigantism

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onset of growth hormone oversecretion of this disorder occurs prior to skeletal maturation (open physis)

gigantism

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3 malignant tumors

Study These Flashcards

osteosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
fibrosarcoma

bone island, osteoid osteoma, enchondroma, osteochondroma, fibrous displasia are all ____ tumors

Study These Flashcards

benign

on xray, ___ appears as a solid radiodensity, _____ as stippled, and ___ will appear hazy

bone cartilage fibrous

benign tumors are MC bt the ages of

10-30 yo

with malignant tumors, if the pt is <10yo, suspect _____ or _____. If the pt is over 40, suspect ___, _____ or _____

ewings and osteosarcoma | mets, myeloma, chondrosarcoma

4th mc primary bone malig that sits in the long bones, s/s are weight loss, fever, fatigue, painful tumor - mimics infx and is a permative lesion with cortical saucerization

ewing's sarcoma

lymphoma, leukemia, neuroblastoma, ewing's, EG, MM, and osteomyelitis are all ______

round cell lesions

cancer known as the great masquerader, MC <2 yo, my be comorbid with horner's, immature nerve cell found in an embryo/fetus

neuroblastoma

MC benign tumor of the hand is ____. if there are multiple, it is called _____. multiple + soft tissue hemangioma's is known as _____

enchondroma ollier's maffucci's

clinically silent tumor usually in humerus and prox femur, appears with fallen fragment sign, centrally located

simple bone cyst (SBC)

quasimalignant tumor, subarticular and eccentric, expansile, no sclerosis, distal femur and radius, prox tib and humerus, 20-40yo

giant cell tumor (GCT)

very painful and aggressive tumor, looks like blister on the bone, proliferation of vascular component of marry, MC in femur

aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC)

2 ddx for bone island

mets, blastic mets

rare, benign bone lesion with nidus of <2 cm that causes severe pain that is worse at night, MC in 20s, and it's ddx

osteoid osteoma | ddx: brodie's abcess

multiple osteochondromas that cause painless, lumpy joints, MC in hands and pelvis

HME (herditary multiple exostosis)

fibrous tissue replacing bone that causes a ground glass appearance or smoking matrix

fibrous dysplasia

polyostotic FD, precocious puberty and skin spots when combined are known as

mccune-albright syndrome

fibrous cortical defect (smaller) and a non ossifying fibroma (larger) are both types of

fibrous xanthomas

solitary benign bone-forming tumor in spine and long bones that is MC in the dorsal aspect of the vertebrae

osteoblastoma

2nd MC primary malignant tumor of bone, usually in the KNEE, causes painful swelling in the limb

osteosarcoma

pustules on face, neck, axilla, arms, hands that can occur after getting chicken pox shot

molluscum contagiosum

polio virus

poliomyelitis

bark of a seal, MC in boys 1.5-3yo

croup

measles caused by the ____ show up with koplik spots, tx with vit a

paramyxovirus

mumps is caused by the

paramyxovirus

____ aka german measles, caused by togavirus

rubella

_____ will occur often if the pt is exposed to rubella within 4w of birth - cardiac, cerebral, ophthalmic and auditory defects

congenital rubella syndrome (CRS)

gray pseudomembrane, very rare, irreversible bacteria, req antitoxin + abx

diptheria

organism that causes tetanus

clostridium tetani

whooping cough or 100 days cough, tx with vit C and vit D

pertussis | -bordatella pertussis

slapped cheek syndrome, human parvovirus B19, with 3 stages

fifth dz

exanthem subitum or roseola infantum, type of HHV affecting the salivary glands in kids with a non itchy red rash

sixth dz

enterovirus 71, coxsackie A - thru direct contact with mucus causing painful lesions in mouth followed by a specific rash

hand foot mouth dz

fever, sore throat, swollen lymph nodes/liver/spleen, inc WBC

mono

MC STD

chlamydia

childhood/dolescent infections Flashcards

(57 cards)