Children and Adolescents

Question 1

What is impuslive repetitive taking of items that arent needed?

Answer 1

kleptomania

Question 2

What is a strategy used with jueviniles to help understand their experiences better?

Answer 2

play therapy

Question 3

What are characteristics of good mental health?

Answer 3

• Ability to appropriately interpret reality and have a correct understanding of environmen
• Positive self concept
• Ability to cope with stress and anxiety in AGE-APPROPRIATE way (what does THAT mean?)
• Mastery of developmental tasks
• Ability to express oneself and ability to maintain satisfying relationships with others

Question 4

What are some risk factors for mental illness?

Answer 4

 Genetic link/chromosomal
 Family history
 Biochemical (neurotransmitters)
 Imbalances
 Social & Environmental
 Home life, poverty (stressors),
institutions/foster
 Resiliency (lack of)
 Trauma (experiencing or witnessing

Question 5

What are family risk factors for mental illness?

Answer 5

severe marital discord, low
socioeconomic status, large families, overcrowding,
parental criminality, maternal psychiatric disorders,
foster-care placement
parental substance abuse
trauma in childhood

Question 6

What does ACE mean?

Answer 6

Adverse Childhood Experiences
* Abuse (emotional, physical, sexual), neglect,
household challenges (MI, Spousal abuse,
substance abuse)
* NEGLECT is the most common form of abuse

Question 7

What are the two types of ADHD?

Answer 7

 Primarily inattentive
 Primarily impulsive/hyperactive`

Question 8

What are characteristics of ADHD?

Answer 8

Inattention
* Impulsivity
* Hyperactivity

Question 9

What are symptoms of ADHD?

Answer 9

 Early signs include being fussy and
temperamental
 Inability to tolerate sedentary activities (story-
time)
 Fidgety & noisy in class
 Interrupts, blurts out answers,
 Hurried work, careless mistakes
 Fails to follow directions
 Ostracized from peers, viewed as bossy,
aggressive and difficult
 60% have symptoms that persist into adulthood

Question 10

What is the treatment for ADHD?

Answer 10

Methylphenidate & amphetamine compound
 Atomoxetine (nonstimulant)
 Remember appetite & insomnia risks
 Positive reinforcement / Token Economy
 Family Interventions (therapy)
 Treatment should be meds & CBT or other
therapies in combination
 Least restrictive environment (Time out/ Quiet
Room)
 Structured environment, minimize “changes

Question 11

What is a reading learning disability called?

Answer 11

dyslexia

Question 12

What is a learning disability in mathematics called?

Answer 12

dyscalculia

Question 13

What is a learing disorder of written expression?

Answer 13

dysgraphia

Question 14

What is a disability with deficits
in reasoning, problem solving,
planning, judgement, abstract
thinking an academic ability?

Answer 14

intellectual functioning

Question 15

What is a disability with impaired
communication and language,
interpreting and acting on social
cues, regulating emotions?

Answer 15

social functioning

Question 16

What is a disability with practical
aspects of daily life, age-appropriate
deficits?

Answer 16

daily functioning

Question 17

What is autism spectrum disorder?

Answer 17

• Complex neurobiological and developmental
  disability
• Usually appears during the first 3 years
• Deficits in social relatedness
• Genetic component

Question 18

Who is autism more likely in?

Answer 18

boys (4x as likely)

Question 19

What is savant syndrome?

Answer 19

Some may have low IQs but be brilliant in
specific areas (music, math, photographic
memory recall

Question 20

What is the goal of treatment for autism?

Answer 20

• Reduce behavioral disturbances
• Promote learning and development
• Especially language skills
• CBT for aggressive behavior
• Pharmacological treatment for temper
  tantrums, hyperactivity, aggression and
  self-injury with atypical antipsychotics
• There are no medications for ASD itself

Question 21

What level of autism is this?
difficulty initiating social interactions
organization and planning problems can hinder independence

Answer 21

level 1
requiring support

Question 22

What level of autism does this describe?
social interactions limited to narrow special interests
frequent restricted/repetitive behaviors

Answer 22

Level 2
requiring substantial support

Question 23

What level of autism does describe?
severe deficits in verbal and nonverbal social communication skills
great distress/difficulty changing actions or focus

Answer 23

level 3
requiring very substantial support

Question 24

What are common behaviors of functioning autism?

Answer 24

 Not responding to own name by 1 years old
 Doesn’t show interest by pointing
 Doesn’t play pretend by 18 months old
 Avoids eye contact
 Prefers to be alone
 Delayed speech
 Obsessive interests
 Upset by minor changes in routine
 Repeats words/phrases
 Unusual response to sensory experiences
 Rocking, waving, flapping movements

Question 25

What is nighttime incontinence?

Answer 25

enuresis

Question 26

What is defecating inappropriately?

Answer 26

encopresis

Question 27

What are * Rapid recurrent movement or vocalization * Exacerbated by stress?

Answer 27

Tics

Question 28

What is coprolalia?

Answer 28

use of obscenities

Question 29

What is repeating heard sounds?

Answer 29

echolalia

Question 30

What is repeating own sounds?

Answer 30

palilalia

Question 31

What do we treat tics with?

Answer 31

atypical antipyschotics

Question 32

What does this describe? * Rhythmic waving, rocking, banging * Common with intellectual disability

Answer 32

stereotypic movement disorder

Question 33

What are examples of anxiety disorders?

Answer 33

Separation disorders, phobias, PTSD

Question 34

What are s/s of DMDD?

Answer 34

Temper outbursts * Onset 6-18 yrs

Question 35

What are s/s of reactive attachment disorder?

Answer 35

* Minimal social/emotional response to others * Sad, irritable & afraid * Hx of unstable relationships (foster placement?)

Question 36

What are s/s of disinhibited social engagement disorder?

Answer 36

* Actively approaches and interacts with unfamiliar adults * Develops as a result of severe neglect during the first two years of life * Institutionalization

Question 37

What are s/s of PTSD in children?

Answer 37

* Anxiety/depression * Phobias/Conversion d/o * Irritability/aggression * Poor academic performance * Insomnia/nightmares * Somatic complaints

Question 38

What is oppositional defiant disorder?

Answer 38

* Preference for large rewards and pay little attention to increasing penalties * Left untreated most children outgrow this

Question 39

What is intermittent explosive disorder?

Answer 39

Pattern of behavioral outbursts * Inability to control aggressive impulses

Question 40

What are s/s of conduct disorder?

Answer 40

* More severe – violates the rights of others, societal rules and norms disregarded Juvenile delinquency, substance abuse, legal issues Antisocial reasoning – “He deserved it MAY BECOME ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AFTER AGE 18

Question 41

How do you treat conduct disorder?

Answer 41

* Treatment * Therapy * Limit setting * Behavioral contracts * Help them express feelings (will be hard for them to do!) * Identifying triggers, coping skills, problem solving strategies * Gain age-appropriate social skills * Get family involved & prepared to maintain “plan

Question 42

What are the warning signs of suicidal behavior?

Answer 42

Overt/covert statements  Lack of emotional responsiveness  Withdrawal  Anhedonia  Substance abuse  Threats/giving away  Sudden cheerfulness after being depressed

Question 43

What are risk factors of suicidal behavior?

Answer 43

Family history  Male gender  History of abuse  Previous attempt  Parental mental health problems

Question 44

What education do we provide adolescents?

Answer 44

Basics plus – self esteem, positive coping skills, safety!!, risky behavior

Question 45

What type of therapy can we use for adolescents?

Answer 45

group and individual  Family therapy  CBT