childrens language

Question 1

what is politeness in terms of language levels?

Answer 1

pragmatics
an adult may not reply due to the fact that they want to child to be polite
teaching them q

Question 2

what is the most crucial areas of study in language development?

Answer 2

what a child uses language for and how they learn what language can do

Question 3

what happens to syntax and pragmatics as children get older?

Answer 3

they become more sophisticated as a child acquires more words

Question 4

what is the preverbal stage?

Answer 4

a table showing the development of words and meanings from 0 to 12 months

Question 5

what are the preverbal stages?

Answer 5

vegetative 0-4
cooing 3-6
babbling -6-12
protoword 9-12

Question 6

what is generally said about a childs comprehension?

Answer 6

that they are more advanced in their comprehension than their production

Question 7

what is the productive voabulary at 18 months?

Answer 7

50 words

Question 8

what is the productive vocabulary at 24 months?

Answer 8

200

Question 9

whta is the productive vocabulary at 36 months?

Answer 9

2000

Question 10

how many words does a child learn a day?

Answer 10

linguists put it at 10 words a day

Question 11

what did nelson say about a child’s first words?

Answer 11

nelson said that 60% of a child’s first words are nouns

Question 12

what did bloom say that argued against nelson?

Answer 12

that this theory is noun bias in the fact that nouns outnumber verbs in 5:1

Question 13

why does environment play a part in types of words that are developed?

Answer 13

people in a city are likely to have a different vocabulary to rural areas in the fact that certain words will be more important

Question 14

what are common patterns in child first words according to saxton?

Answer 14

food and rink
family
animals
clothing

Question 15

what are the two types of ways in which children can stretch words

Answer 15

overextension and underextension

Question 16

what does mislabelling of words show>

Answer 16

sheds light on how they learn to link words and their meanings to objects

Question 17

who made a theory about overextension?

Answer 17

rescorla

Question 18

what were the three types of overextension in rescorlas theory?

Answer 18

categorical
analogical
mismatch

Question 19

what is categorical overextension?

Answer 19

most common form

when a hyponym is used for a hypernym

Question 20

what is analogical overextension?

Answer 20

found in 15% of rescorlas cases
more related to the function or perception of the object
scarf is a cat if you stroke it

Question 21

what is mismatch over extension?

Answer 21

25% of over extensions
abstract links
doll to a cot

Question 22

what are the three stages of aitchinsons table of how children acquire words and their meanings? 1987

Answer 22

labelling - linking words to things
packaging - stage of overextesnions
network building - connecting all the labels

Question 23

what does aitchisons aquistions of words model show?

Answer 23

that the process of inquiring words is an active and deductive process involving the child to make sense of the world

Question 24

what are the types of processes involving sounds in a child language?

Answer 24

addition 
deletion 
reduplication 
substitution
consonant cluster reduction 
deletion of unstressed syllables 
assimilation

Question 25

what is additon in sounds?

Answer 25

adding an extra vowel sound to create cvcv structure

Question 26

what is deletion of sounds?

Answer 26

leaving out to last contestant

Question 27

what is reduplication of sounds?

Answer 27

repeating particular sounds

Question 28

what is substitution of sounds?

Answer 28

one sound is swapped for another

Question 29

what is constant cluster reduction in sounds?

Answer 29

the child may find it hard to pronounce a number of constants together so get rid of them

Question 30

what is assimilation of sounds?

Answer 30

a sound is substitute for others sounds that are closer to the word dogi gogi

Question 31

what are the stages in child acquisition of language?

Answer 31

``` proto word holophrastic phase two word telegraphic post telegraphic ```

Question 32

what is the proto word stage?q

Answer 32

cvcv sounds that are similar to actual words but applied inconsistently

Question 33

what is the holophrastic stage?

Answer 33

single words that are used consistently normally around 12 months sound can only become word if used properly holophrases

Question 34

what is a holophrase?

Answer 34

whole phrase one word is used to represent an entire phrase gessalt expressions

Question 35

what are gessalt expressions?

Answer 35

one word phrases that consist of two words that have been put together

Question 36

what is the two word stage?

Answer 36

syntax comes into play with the child likely to form mini sentences braine - words in thsi stage are usually pivot words such as allgone which can be combined further

Question 37

what did brown theorise about the two word stage?

Answer 37

that most phrases include one word of what is being done and a thing being acted upon doer and what is being done

Question 38

what is the telegraphic stage?

Answer 38

beyond the two word stage in which more words are added to utterances but often emitting less meaningful grammar such as auxiliary verbs, determiners and prepositions

Question 39

what are auxillary verbs?

Answer 39

these are verbs that help other verbs such as have be do

Question 40

what is usually emitted in the telegraphic stage?

Answer 40

perceived less meaningful language such as auxiliary verbs, determiners and prepositions

Question 41

what are determiners?

Answer 41

a modifying word the that those these possessive determiners = his mine yours

Question 42

what are prepositions?

Answer 42

words that build a relationship to other words after on before in man ON the train what did you do it FOR

Question 43

what is important aspect of syntax which starts to change in the two word / telegraphic stage?

Answer 43

chidlrne start to manipulate declarative sentences altering them into questions and negatives

Question 44

what is the post telegraphic stage?

Answer 44

childrens language rapidly develops use of passive and active voice correct use of inflections

Question 45

who did a study on infections?

Answer 45

cruttenden

Question 46

what did cruttenden find about infections?

Answer 46

3 stages first stage children memorise 2nd general rule of inflections but over generalise 'i runned' 3rd stage grasps the use

Question 47

who's study shows that children have a basic knowledge of grammatical rules at a young age?

Answer 47

jean berko 'wugs' | 2-5

Question 48

who proposed a theory on pragmatic development?

Answer 48

halliday

Question 49

what was hallidays theory?

Answer 49

there are seven main functions in why a child uses specific language instrumental - speakers need regulatory influence behaviour of other interactional - social, phatic talk (hello) personal - speaker identity informative - communicate info heuristic - explore enviro, running childs talk imaginative - explore enviro childs play

Question 50

how is turn taking trained into children?

Answer 50

through ritualised games such as peek a boo | scare then laugh etc

Question 51

what are virtuous errors?

Answer 51

when a child is trying to apply to rural of plurals but does not do it grammatically correctly mans

Question 52

when do idioms start to be learnt?

Answer 52

age 3