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WSET D3 > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

1
Q

Chile vineyard latitudes

A

30-38*S

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2
Q

Chile overall vineyard climate

A

Warm Mediterranean

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3
Q

Why do braids in Chile have high levels of tannins and anthocyanins?

A

Intense sunshine from being close to equator

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4
Q

Three catastrophic natural hazards in Chile

A

Drought
Earthquakes
Forest fires fueled by commercial forestry (plantations of pine and eucalyptus fuel fire) - smoke taint

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5
Q

Why is Chile phylloxera free?

A

Natural geographical borders
- Pacific Ocean west
-Atacama desert north
-Andes east
- Patagonia glaciers south

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6
Q

Why might Chilean growers use grafted rootstock?

A

Nematodes
Drought

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7
Q

Most planted grapes in Chile

A

Can sauv
Sauv blanc
Merlot
Carmenere
Pais
Tintoreras
Syrah

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8
Q

Why is site selection important for Carmenere?

A

It ripens 2-3 weeks later than Merlot
Needs warm and sunny sites, not hot (can drive sugar up making high alcohol wine)

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9
Q

Chilean Syrah styles

A

High acid, fresh black fruit w/pepper and clove in San Antonio, Casablanca, Limari, and Elqui
Full bodied/ riper in Colchagua valley

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10
Q

DO labeling % grapes

A

75% (85% if exported to EU)

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11
Q

Reserva and Reserva especial requirements

A

12% abv

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12
Q

Reserva privada and gran Reserva requirements

A

12.5% abv and red in oak 6 mos

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13
Q

Main Chilean wine producing regions N to S

A

Coquimbo, Aconcagua, Central Valley, Southern

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14
Q

Coquimbo DOs

A

Elqui, Limari, Choapa

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15
Q

Natural factories in Coquimbo that temper the sunlight and high temps of low latitude

A

Cooling influence of mountains-cool air and altitude
Cooling influence of Pacific
Help delay fruit ripening

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16
Q

Natural factors influencing Elqui Valley

A

River valley with no coastal mountain to stop pacific means fog reaches inland. High altitude vineyards up to 2200m

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17
Q

Pockets of calcareous soils can be found in what Coquimbo DO? And why are they important?

A

Limari - water retention in desert like conditions/ drought

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18
Q

Elqui almost planted varieties

A

Syrah and SB

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19
Q

Limari most planted varieties?

A

Chardonnay
Warmer, eastern side of- cab, Merlot, Carmenere

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20
Q

Sub regions of Aconcagua

A

Aconcagua, San Antonio, Casablanca

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21
Q

Why has Aconcagua readily adopted the East to West sub-divisions better than other regions?

A

Andes, Entre Cordilleras, and Costa sub divisions showcase varying natural factors across a single region. Aconcagua costa has morning fogs and ocean breezes for fresh whites, PN, and cool Syrah. Aconcagua Andes has warm sunny days cooled at night by cold mountain air making grapes retain acid while fully ripening. Aconcagua Entre Cordilleras has warm, dry weather and makes ripe, full bodied wines w/high alc and tannin -Cab/Mer

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22
Q

Topographical effect on Casablanca

A

Low hills to west don’t deter Pacific influence, higher hills to north and east trap cool air from Pacific creating one of the coolest growing regions

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23
Q

Hazard in Casablanca and why

A

Spring/fall frost
Not near enough to pacific to moderate frost

24
Q

Undulating hills in this Aconcagua DO offer a range of stylistic capabilities despite heavy Pacific influence

A

San Antonio

25
Q

Sub zone in San Antonio

A

Leyda Valley

26
Q

Main grapes of Casablanca

A

Sauvignon blanc,chard, pn

27
Q

Main grapes of San Antonio

A

SB, Chard, PN, Syrah

28
Q

What makes Central Valley Chile the ideal location for producing ripe, fruity, inexpensive red wines?

A

Coastal ranges shelter from Pacific influences, warm climate, fertile soils, easily irrigated plains, easily mechanized topography

29
Q

4 major sub regions of Central Valley

A

Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley - Cachapoal and Colchagua
Curico Valley
Maule Valley

30
Q

Why are growing conditions warm and sunny in Maipo Valley?

A

Coastal ranges shelter from maritime influences

31
Q

What grapes is Maipo known for?

A

Cab Sauv, Carm, Syrah

32
Q

What are the high elevation vineyards of Maipo called and name the sub regions. What type of wine is produced?

A

Alto Maipo
Puente Alto and Pirque
V good to outstanding- fresh/elegant Bordeaux blends

33
Q

Warmer of the two sub areas of Rapel Valley

A

Cachapoal - coastal ranges stop maritime influences

34
Q

Rapel valley sub divisions

A

Colchagua and Cachapoal Valleys

35
Q

Apalta topography

A

South facing amphitheater that captures cool air from west to slow ripening on south facing slopes of poor soils that reduce vigor
Cab, Syrah, Carm

36
Q

Maule Valley vinification reputation

A

High volume inexpensive but changing

37
Q

100-200 year old vines of Pais and Muscat of Alexandria can be found here

A

Maule Valley

38
Q

How is dry farming possible in Maule

A

Most of rain falls in winter, vines are old with deep roots, climate is cooler than Curico

39
Q

What sub region in Maule is known for old vine Carignan

A

Cauquenes

40
Q

Sub regions of Southern Region in Chile?

A

N to S
Itata
Bio Bio
Malleco

41
Q

Why is the climate cooler and wetter in southern regions?

A

The coastal range diminish offering less protection from Pacific

42
Q

Why are leading producers looking to Itata?

A

Climate change and water shortages

43
Q

Pais synonyms

A

Criolla Chica
Mission

44
Q

Itata is known for what varietals

A

Old bush vines of Muscat of Alexandria, Pais, and Cinsault

45
Q

What modern varietals are succeeding in Bio Bio?

A

Aromatic whites - SB, Riesling, Gewurz

46
Q

Malleco needs what type of variety?

A

Early ripening due to cool climate
Chard, SB, PN

47
Q

Route to market for Chilean wine

A

70% exported

48
Q

Why is wines of Chile focused on promoting Chile as a producer of mid priced premium wine?

A

Historically Chile is known for large volumes of inexpensive wines

49
Q

Why is the focus on exports so important for Chile?

A

Domestic consumption is low

50
Q

Concha y toro, Santa Rita, Santa Carolina, and San Pedro companies are responsible for what % of Chiles production?

A

80%

51
Q

What makes Chile attractive/unattractive to foreign investors?

A

Cheap land and low operating costs
High cost of importing materials and equipment

52
Q

Chile has free trade agreements with what top export markets?

A

China and South Korea

53
Q

What top export market has reduced import tariffs with Chile?

A

Japan

54
Q

Which top export market benefits from the MERCOSUR free trade agreement?

A

Brazil

55
Q

Affect of El Nino in Chile

A

Higher than avg rainfall
Every 2-10 years

56
Q

Effect of La Niña in Chile

A

Lower rainfall/drought

WSET D3 (34 decks)

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