Chile Flashcards
(214 cards)
1
Q
Sub-Regions of Central Valley N to S
A
Maipo
Rapel
Curico
Maule
2
Q
Atacama Climate
A
Norte Chico: Hot/Arid
3
Q
Soils of Limarí
A
Calcareous: Red Clay over LS (Coonawarra-like)
4
Q
Soils of Apalta
A
Granite
5
Q
What is chicha?
A
A cooked/partially-fermented beverage.
6
Q
Rapel Valley is located in the ___ Administrative Region.
A
O’Higgins
7
Q
Copiapó Valley DO & Huasco Valley DO are located where?
A
Atacama!
8
Q
Cautín Valley & Osorno Valley are located where?
A
Austral
9
Q
San Antonio is located ___ of the Coastal Ranges.
A
West
10
Q
International investment pours into Chile in the from ___ to ___, the years after Chile transitions to a democratic government.
A
1980’s to 2000
11
Q
Why would a producer choose to employ Mixro-Oxygenation for Carmenère?
A
Carmenère is reductive.
12
Q
Top 2 grapes of Casablanca
A
CH
SB
13
Q
Where are Claro Valley, Loncomilla & Tutuvén located?
A
Maule
14
Q
What are the Cordilleras de la Costa?
A
Coastal Range (Chile)
15
Q
Grape of Limarí
A
Chardonnay
16
Q
Villard, Vermahnte and Kingston Family Vineyards are producers located in ___.
A
Casablanca Valley DO
17
Q
In 2012, what 3 divisions for DO wines were established?
A
Costa
Entre Cordilleras (“between the mountains”)
Andes
18
Q
Top 2 Producers of Malleco
A
Viña Aquitania
Pedro Parra
19
Q
What do the quality designations “Reserva”, “Gran Reserva”, “Selección” and Reserva Especial” indicate?
A
Higher ABV & Longer Oak-Aging
*Legally defined yet no real practical meaning!
20
Q
Malleco Grapes
A
PN & CH
21
Q
Who is the father of Chilean Wine?
A
Ochagavía
22
Q
Aconcagua Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
A
Zona Central
23
Q
Who produces Don Maximinano?
A
Errázuriz
24
Q
Aconcagua is located in the ___ Administrative Region.
A
Valparaíso
25
Chile's top red wine region
Maipo Valley
26
Austral Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
Zona Sur
27
Why is Carmenère pretty much non-existent in Bordeaux?
Difficult to graft.
28
___ is Chile's most-heavily planted sub-region.
Rapel Valley
29
Top 2 grapes of Curico
CS
| SB
30
___ is the red-headed step child of Colchagua
Cachapoal
31
Atacama Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
Norte Chico
32
When does "vendimia" occur in the Southern Hemisphere?
Feb-April
33
T or F: growers in Chile are increasingly using rootstocks
True
34
What grape varietal is forbidden on Chilean wine labels?
País
35
Chile's latitude spans from ___ to ___?
17 - 53 * S
36
Highest peak in South America
Mount Aconcagua (Andes)
37
What is MOVI? Name 3 Members
"Movimiento de Viñateros Ind"; Association of producers with goal of making wine on a human scale (importance of size & personal attention to day to day winemaking)
Garage Wine Co.
Kingston Family V.
Villard
38
Rainfall ___ as you go S.
Increases
39
Delimited geographic area for Carignan
VIGNO
40
Chilean wine law mandates the use of ___ grapes.
Vitis Vinifera
41
Which sub-region is #1 in acreage under vine?
Maule
42
Grapes of Apalta
CS, Carmenère, Syrah
43
___ is the only country with a geographic designation of Pisco.
Peru
44
Carmenère does best in ___ soils.
Clay
45
What is the goal of the Vignadors de Carignan?
Committed to preserving the old vine Carignan that was planted after the 1939 EQ.
46
Major GF of Casablanca
Humboldt Current due to a gap in the Coastal Ranges.
47
___ is the sole producer of Rosario producing biodynamic ___.
a) Matetic
| b) Syrah
48
Warmest region of the Central Valley
Rapel
49
___ is the S-most sub-region of the Central Valley.
Maule
50
Chile gains independence in ___ under ___.
a) 1818
| b) Bernardo O'Higgins
51
Minimum ___% Grape, Origin & Vintage is required by law but what is more common? Why?
a) 75%
b) 85%
c) To comply with EU standards
52
To use "Costa", "EC" or "Andes" on a bottle of DO wine, the wine must contain ___% of grapes from named region.
85%
53
Why would a producer choose to do a Hot Fermentation in Chile?
Reduces bitterness & softens tannins in Carmenère
54
When is the DO System Created?
Enacted 1994; 1995 1st Vintage
55
Chile's 2 newest regions
Atacama (2012)
| Austral (2012)
56
Aconcagua Valley DO Grapes & Styles for Costa, EC & Andes
Costa: WW (SB)
EC: BDX-blends
Andes: Grenache & Mourvèdre (too hot for CS)
57
___ is the highest growing region in Chile.
Elqui Valley DO; Moderating Influence/DTS
58
Where would you find the Area DOs of Peralillo, Marchigüe and Lolol?
Colchagua
59
Malleco is located in the ___ Administrative Region.
La Araucanía
60
___ is Chile's narrowest & most-mountainous region.
Coquimbo
61
Location ___ to ___ is more determinate of climate than ___ to ___. (Chile)
E to W
| N to S
62
Name the Sub-Zones of Rapel
Colchagua
| Cachapoal
63
Name the official & unofficial sub-zones of San Antonio Valley
Leyda DO
Lo Abarca
Rosario
64
___ are the most common DOs on labels.
Sub-Regions
65
Name 3 famous Carmenère wines
```
Casa Lapostolle (Lapostolle)
Purple Angel (Montes)
Carmin de Peumo (CyT)
```
66
Most vineyards in Limarí are located ___ of the Coastal Ranges.
West
67
Central Valley Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
Zona Central
68
Ovalle Area DO is located where?
Limarí
69
Sub-Regions of Sur N to S
Itata Valley
Bio Bio Valley
Malleco Valley
70
Pirque Area DO is located where?
Alto Maipo
71
Austral Grapes
SB, CH, PN
72
What is the Humboldt Current?
Cold water current that cools the air passing over it; limits precipitation & creates inversion layer/traps cold air near the surface; moderates climate/lower temps along the coastline/affects vineyards WEST of the Coastal Ranges.
73
Who produces Purple Angel? What is it?
a) Montes
| b) Varietal Carmenère
74
Bordeaux and Burgundy grapes brought to Chile in the mid-___.
Mid-1800's
75
What famous Burgundy producer came to Maipo Valley in the 1990's?
William Fèvre
76
Bio-Bio is modernizing ___ than Itata
Quicker
77
Grapes for Pisco production.
Moscatel/Moscatel Rosado
Moscatel de Austria (Torrentes Sanjuanino)
PX
Torontel
78
```
Name the winery with their respective founders:
Lapostolle
Los Vascos
Almaviva
Seña
Errazuriz
Viña Aquitania
H. Araucano
```
a) Grand Marnier
b) Lafite-Rothschilde
c) CyT & Baron Philippe Rothschilde
d) Errazuriz & R. Mondavi
e) Eduardo Chadwick
f) Cos & Margaux
g) F. Lurton
79
Maipo Valley is located in the ___ Administrative Region.
Santiago
80
What vineyard is home to 100 y.o CS? Who owns it?
a) Manso de Velasco (Curico)
| b) Miguel Torres
81
2 GFs of Puento Alto
Elevation
| Gravel Soils
82
Minimum ABV for all Chilean wines
11.5%
83
2 Chilean Wines, ___ & ___, wine out against 2 Bordeaux Wines, ___ & ___, at the ___ Berlin Tasting.
a) Viñedo Chadwick
b) Seña
c) Lafite
d) Margaux
e) 2004
84
What was the effect of the 1939 Earthquake?
Carignan was planted in Maule
| Consult & Moscatel planted in Itata
85
Muscat of Alexandria is called ___ in Chile.
Moscatel
86
Carrignan vines in Maule utilize what training method?
Cabeza (Head/Bush/Gobelet)
87
Name the sub-zones of Curico.
Teno DO
Lontué DO
*Named after T & L Rivers
88
Where is the producer Tabalí located?
Limarí Valley
89
In Chile, you're likely to find old vines of which grapes?
Carignan (Maule)
Cinsault (Itata)
Moscatel (Itata)
90
3 Basic Climates for WG in Chile
Norte Chico: Hot & Arid
Zona Central: Mediterranean
Zona Sur: Maritime
91
Grapes of Itata
Old Vine País, Cinsault & Moscatel
92
Name the 2 largest wine companies in Chile.
1. Concha y Toro
| 2. San Pedro
93
Unlike the rest of Chile, the new plantings of SB in Curico are being planted in the ___ instead of the ___.
a) Andes
| b) Costa
94
Errázuriz top bottlings
Don Maximiniano: BDX
| Kai: Carmenère
95
What is "Chilean Merlot"?
Carmenère (misidentified as Merlot until 1994)
96
Aconcagua is located in what Geographic Sector?
Zona Central
97
Elqui DO most important grape.
Syrah
98
At 2,200m, this producer lays claim to the highest vineyards of Chile. What grape?
a) Viñedos de Alcohuaz
| b) Syrah
99
Name the regions of Chile from N to S.
```
Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Sur
Austral
```
100
Where would one find the Area DOs of Vichuquén, Sagrada Familia & Rauco?
Curico
101
1st country in SA planted to vines by Spaniards.
Peru
102
There are ___ Administrative Regions of Chile. ___ of them produce wine.
a) 15
| b) 9
103
___ River runs through Colchagua and is a tributary of the ___ River.
a) Tinguiririci River
| b) Rapel River
104
The two most important producers of Aconcagua Valley.
Errázuriz
| Seña (R. Mondavi x Errazuriz)
105
The ___ training system is used for ___ in Atacama.
a) Parron
| b) Table Grapes
106
Viñedo Chadwick is made from what grapes?
CS-based + Carmenère
107
___ irrigation is traditional and ___ is modern.
a) Furrow
| b) Drip
108
The ___ forms Chile's N. Border with Peru.
Atacama Desert
109
Bio-Bio Grapes
PN, CH, SB
110
```
Place the winemaker with his respective winery:
Marcelo Papa
Francisco Baettig
Filipe Muller
Rodrigo Soto
```
a) Concha y Toro
b) Errazuriz
c) Tabalí
d) Veramonte
111
The Area DOs of La Serena, Paiguano & Vicuña are located in ___.
Elqui Valley DO
112
Grapes 2 Grapes of Maipo Valley
CS
| Carmenère
113
Viña Falernia produces ___ in ____.
a) "Alta Tierra" Syrah
| b) Elqui Valley DO
114
Grape of Medio Maipo
Carmenère
115
#1 Grape of Chile
CS
116
Sur Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
Zona Sur
117
Top sites for Carmenère
```
Peumo DO (Cachapoal)
Los Lingues (Colchagua)
Apart (Colchagua)
```
118
Name the 5 Geographic Sectors of Chile. Which of them produce wine?
```
Norte Grande
Norte Chico*
Zona Central*
Zona Sur*
Zona Austral
```
*produce wine
119
The entire Casablanca Valley DO is categorized as what?
Costa
120
Aconcagua Climate
Mediterranean
121
In the ___'s, most of Peru's vineyards are converted to ___ production
a) 1700's
| b) Pisco Production
122
Chile's 1st modern winery & oldest in operation.
V. Ochagavía
123
What is the Parron training system similar to?
Pergola
124
Has Chile ever been affected by Phylloxera?
Nope. Never. Never Will.
125
VIGNO is a ___ of ___.
a) Trademarked Brand
| b) Vignadores of Carignan
126
Chilean wine law established ___ tiers of DO. What are they?
a) 4
b) Region, Sub-Region, Zone, Area*
*Progressively smaller categories of DOs with the same requirements.
127
What was Sauvignon Blanc mistaken for?
Friulano/Sauvignon Vert
128
Who produces "Close Apalta"? What is it?
a) Casa Lapostolle
| b) Carmenère-based red
129
In the 1540's a Jesuit Friar plants ___ vines from ___.
a) País
| b) Canary Islands
130
3 Rockstar Producers in Puento Alto
Concha y Toro "Don Melchior" Vineyard
Almaviva
Viñedo Chadwick
131
3 Major Cities of Chile
Valparaíso (Aconcagua)
Santiago (Central Valley)
Concepción (Sur)
132
In what sub-zone would you find > 1/3 of Chile's CS?
Colchagua
133
Soil of Apalta
Granite
134
Which 3 mega-producers account for 85% of Chile's domestic consumption?
```
Concha y Toro (Maipo)
San Pedro (Curico)
Santa Rita (Maipo)
```
135
Chile's oldest grape variety
País
136
Coquimbo Region is located in what Geographic Sector?
Norte Chico
137
La Serena Area DO is a ___ DO of ___ and produces ___.
a) Costa
b) Elqui Valley
c) SB
138
Name the sub-regions of Aconcagua N to S.
Aconcagua Valley DO
Casablanca Valley DO
San Antonio Valley DO
139
What is another name for the Cabeza training system? What is it used for? Where?
Head-Trained
Carignan
Maule V. DO
140
___ is a cooked/partially-fermented beverage.
Chicha
141
Soil of Puento Alto DO
Gravel
142
In Chile, mountains ___ as one goes S.
Diminish
143
The world's southern-most vineyards are located in ___ along the ___. However the wines have not yet been released commercially.
a) Austral
| b) 46th Parallel)
144
País is called ___ in Argentina, ___ in CA & ___ in the Canary Islands
a) Criolla Chica
b) Mission
c) Listan Prieto
145
Cachapoal Valley is located ___ of Colchagua and therefore has a ___ climate.
a) East
| b) Warmer
146
Which mountain range in Chile creates a RFE for the vineyards?
Coastal Mountains
147
Coquimbo is located in the ___ Geographic Sector.
Norte Chico
148
___ is a cheap blend for local consumption made from ___ grape and often ___ in style.
a) Pipeño
b) País
c) Frizzante
149
The ___ affects vineyards ___ of the Coastal Range, providing a cooling effect.
a) Humboldt Current
| b) West
150
Why would a producer choose to de-leaf in Chile? What are the effects?
To get rid of pyrazines in Carmenère through increased ripeness; burns acidity/aromas & adds bitterness
151
What is Los Lingues
Unofficial sub-zone of Colchagua located within the San Fernando Area DO.
152
To put VIGNO on a label, the vines must be ___ years old, contain ___% Carignan, age for a minimum ___ and must be ___.
a) 30 y.o.
b) 65%
c) 2 years
d) dry-farmed
153
Itata is located in the ___ Administrative Region.
Bio-Bio
154
Who is Pinochet?
Dictator who reforms and liberalizes the free market.
155
Clos des Fous is a wine produced from ___ by ___ in ___.
a) CS
b) Pedro Parra
c) Alto Cachapoal
156
Name one of the few regions in Chile with Calcareous Soils.
Limarí
157
Name the coolest DO of Aconcagua
San Antonio Valley DO (cooler than Casablanca!)
158
"Kai" is produced from ___ by ___.
a) Carmenère
| b) Errázuriz
159
3 major soil types of Chile Costa/EC/Andes
Costa: Granite (+ schist/slate)
EC: Clay & Loam (volcanic origin); alluvial gravels
Andes: Volcanic w/ LS
160
Where is the giant producer San Pedro located?
Curico
161
Maipo Valley has no ___.
Costa Areas
162
Santa Rita, Neyen and Koyle are producers found in what sub-region?
Colchagua
163
Maipo Valley is split up into 3 Geographic Features. What are they and what grapes are associated with them?
Alto Maipo (E): CS/BDX
Medio Maipo: Carmenère
Maipo Costa/Baja
164
Most vines in Colchagua are located on the ___ in the ___.
a) Valley Floor
| b) EC
165
Who is responsible for introducing Temperature Control, S.S., New Barriques, P.P., VSP Trellising & general winery hygiene to Chile?
Miguel Torres
166
___ is the E-most area of Cachapoal known for wines from ___ & ___.
a) Alta Cachapoal
| b) CS & Syrah
167
What is Apalta?
Unofficial sub-zone of Colchagua located within the Santa Cruz Area DO.
168
There is no ___ in Elqui Valley DO.
Entre-Cordilleras
169
Training System found in Itata
Dry-Farmed Bush Vines
| *Think old-school viticulture!
170
#1 grape of Itata
País (Old Vine)
171
T or F: Casablanca is located along the Casablanca R.
FALSE: there is no Casablanca River
172
Rivers of Itata
Itata & Ñuble Rivers
173
___ is responsible for planting French vine cuttings around Santiago.
Claudio Gay
174
Name the top 4 R grapes & the top 2 W grapes
R: CS, Merlot, Carmenère, Syrah
W: CH, SB
175
Who produces "Ocio" PN? Where?
a) Cono Sur
| b) Casablanca Valley
176
The Camanchaca Fog affects what region of Chile?
Limarí DO
177
What is the greatest threat to viticulture in Malleco?
Civil Unrest
178
Cachapoal Valley Top Grape
Carmenère
179
Atacama is ___ on the Winkler Scale
Region III
180
What is another name for secano?
Dry-Farmed/No Irrigation
181
Label terms permitted for DO wines
```
Reserve
Gran Reserva
Selección
Reserva Especial
Reserva Privada
Gran Vino
Superior
```
182
There is a loophole in the requirements for VIGNO. What is it?
Grafted Carignan qualifies, therefore you can have a young Carignan vine grafted onto an old País RS.
183
Why is viticulture at risk in Atacama and Coquimbo?
Drought; Irrigation is necessary
184
What is Bernardo O'Higgins famous for?
Leads Chile to independence in 1818.
185
Carmenère ripens ___ than Merlot.
Later
186
Who produces Casa Real? What is it?
Santa Rita
| BDX-blend from Maipo
187
Coquimbo's least important DO.
Choapa Valley DO
188
Seña is a collaboration between ___ & ___.
Robert Mondavi & Errázuriz
189
___ is the winemaker at Concha y Toro.
Marcelo Papa
190
The ___ is a major GF of Limarí DO that rolls in via the Limarí River providing a moderating/cooling effect.
Camanchaca Fog
191
Maule Subzones
Claro Valley
Loncomilla
Tutuvén
192
T or F: you are unlikely to see "Curico" on a bottle of wine
False: many producers opt to leave out the sub-region of Curico
193
In what region are the Nahuelbuta Mountains a GF?
Bio-Bio (Sur): Part of the Coastal Ranges; Blocks Maritime Influence
194
Name the Sub-regions of Coquimbo N to S.
Elqui V. DO
Limarí V. DO
Choapa V. DO
195
Why do growers use rootstocks in Casablanca?
Sandy Soils are a magnet for Nematodes.
196
Pisco Sour in Peru vs. Chile.
Peru: Pisco, Lemon Juice, SS, Egg White
Chile: NO EGG
197
Top Area DO of Maipo Valley
Puento Alto DO
198
Peumo Area DO is synonymous with what grape?
Carmenère
199
Chile is the ___-largest producer of wine.
2nd (after Chile)
200
```
Name the wine to the producer:
Alta Tierra
Don Melchior
Don Maximiniano
Casa Real
Sol de Sol
Clos des Fous
Carmin de Peumo
Herencia
```
a) Viña Falernia
b) Concha y Torro
c) Errazuriz
d) Santa Rita
e) Viña Aquitania
f) Pedro Parra
g) Concha y Torro
h) Santa Carolina
201
Leyda DO is synonymous with which grape?
SB
202
What white grapes might you find in Elqui Valley?
SB (Costa)
| PX (Andes); as a dry WW
203
What is the significance of River Valleys in Chile?
They bring cold breezes & fog creating a maritime influence.
204
T or F: Blending is permitted between Colchagua and Cachapoal for standard Rapel Valley Wines
True
205
1645 Spain puts a ___ on New World Colonies due to fear of decrease in demand for wines from the Iberian Peninsula.
Planting Ban
206
___% of Chile's plantings are ___.
a) 75%
| b) Red
207
T or F: Under Chilean wine law, sweetness levels are in line with EU.
True
Seco: max. 4 g/l RS (9 g/l)*
Semi-Seco: 4-12 g/l RS (18 g/l)*
Semi-Dulce: 12-45 g/l RS
Dulce: > 45 g/l RS
*Total Acidity is within 2 g/l total RS
208
The Humboldt Current flows ___
North
209
Aconcagua's most premier zone
Casablanca
210
___ sets up repository of pre-phylloxera VV vines in the ___'s
a) Claudio Gay
| b) 1800's
211
___ is the only major wine region in the world to remain completely phylloxera-free.
Chile
212
Errazuriz is located in the Area DO of ___ in the ___ Valley DO.
a) Panquehue
| b) Aconcagua Valley DO
213
Name the requirements for Reserva, Reserva Especial, Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva
Reserva: min. 12% abv
Reserva Especial: min 12% abv + oak aging
Reserva Privada: 12.5% abv
Gran Reserva: 12.5% abv + oak aging
214
Where is Chimbarongo Area DO?
Colchagua
