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AP Global > China/Mongols/Japan Mega Exam > Flashcards

China/Mongols/Japan Mega Exam Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Grand Canal

A

The main river between the north and south of China is an important waterborne transportation infrastructure. Construction began during the Sui dynasty.

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2
Q

Gentry/Scholar Officials

A

A powerful/influential class that held significant positions in the government and society. They were leveraged during the Song dynasty through civil service exams.

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3
Q

Civil Service Exam

A

Started in the song dynasty: a form of meritocracy that overthrew aristocracy. Tested on Confucianism and literacy.

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4
Q

Who was Wu Zhao?

A

The first and only woman Chinese emperor during the Tang dynasty. She brought a period of stability with her military prowess, but many considered her ruthless. She rose to power by framing the emperor’s other wife and making her number one.

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5
Q

Steppe + where Mongols originated

A

A vast grassland area. The Mongols originated in the Eurasian Steppe.

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6
Q

Yurt

A

Mongolian tent

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7
Q

Genghis Khan

A

United the Mongolian clans through military superpower. Began insane expansion throughout Eurasia.

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8
Q

What were the four Khanates?

A

Persia, Russia, China, Mongolia

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9
Q

Who was Kublai Khan?

A

The grandson of Genghis, founder of the Yuan dynasty in the Chinese Khanate.

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10
Q

Who was Marco Polo?

A

Famed explorer who traveled to Asia and was employed by Kublai khan to explore Asia.

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11
Q

What was the Golden Horde?

A

The Khanate that spanned Russia and Ukraine.

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12
Q

What was Pax Mongolia?

A

A period of relative peace in the Empire during the 18th and 14th centuries. This time saw lots of trade and exchange of ideas since there was no war.

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13
Q

Plague

A

During the pax mongolia the plague was spread through Europe through an influx of trade.

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14
Q

5 Advancements of the Ming Dynasty

A

Economic prosperity
THE FORBIDDDEN CITY IN BEIJING. THE IMPERIAL PALACE
Revived the civil service exam
Treasure Ship voyages by Zheng He, later restricted maritime trade.

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15
Q

Archipelago

A

A chain or group of islands: Japan

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16
Q

Kami

A

spiritual/divine forces found all around us in nature in the Shinto religion. it can inhabit animals, plants, rocks, people, etc.

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17
Q

Cutural diffusion/Syncrtism

A

Cultural diffusion: the spread of ideas, customs, and tech from one culture to a another

Syncretism: the blending of different religious or cultural beliefs and practices.

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18
Q

Buddhism

A

A religion originating in India that spread to China through trade relations

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19
Q

Prince Shotoku’s Constitution

A

A set of principles VERY incluenced by Confucianism and Buddhism. A very concrete demonstration of cultural syncretism in Japan.

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20
Q

Heian Period

A

A golden age on Japan. Elaborate court culture/etiquete among the upper class/Japanese aesthetic

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21
Q

Tale of Genji

A

Murasaki Shikibu, lady, the world’s first novel, depicted the life and loves of Prince Genji and provides inside into life in Heian court society.

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22
Q

Fuedlaism

A

A decentralized political and social system wehre land is exchanged for service and loyalty.

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23
Q

Shogun

A

The real leader in feudal Japan (He held military power)

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24
Q

Daimyo

A

Powerful feudal lords in Japan who controlled large swaths of land and commanded private armies of samurai.

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25
Samurai
The warrior class in feduual Japan. Skilled in swords and archery. They were bound to their lord (daimyo) by a code of honor.
26
Seppuku
A form of ritual suicide practiced by samurais
27
Bushido
The "war of the warrior" basically a Japanese code of chivalry
28
What was the Age of Warring States in japan?
A period of intense internal conflict and civil war between rival daimyos
29
3 rulers, when they helped unite Japan, and how.
Oda Nobunaga: during, military Toyotomi Hideyoshi: during and after, political diplomacy Tokugawa Ieyasu: after, government consolidation
30
Alternate Attendance
A policy implemented by the Tokugawa shogunate that required daimyo to spend every other year living in the capital (present day tokyo). Prevented rebellion
31
christian missionaries
Individuals who traveled to Japan along with trade. They converted lots of people, but when lots of rebels happen to be Christians, the shogunate began persecution.
32
Japanese isolationism in 1635
A series of edicts issued by the Tokugawa Shogunate that severely restricted foreign entry to one port only with the Dutch. Closed Japan to the outside world.
33
Kana
Japanese characters adapted from chinese.
34
How does the Sui dynasty compare to the Qin dynasty?
Comparisons: authoritarian rule, public work projects, collapsed due to trying to hard militarily Contrasts: The Qin were legalist while the Sui were Confucian and built the Grand Canal.
35
Why are the Tang and Song dynasties considered to be golden ages?
Technological advances: Gunpowder, woodblock printing, and moveable type, compass (SONG DYNASTY), porcelain production Art: Poetry, calligraphy, monochromatic paintings.
36
What was a woman's role in imperial china
Obey men (father,s husbands, sons) and bind their feet (song dynasty). Upper class women had more education in the arts. Some gained power by marrying a scholar or showing talent in literature/arts
37
Why were the Mongols effective warriors?
Archery, disciplline and organization, speed, adaptability, HORSEMANSHIP, resourcefulness
38
How did mongol conquests impact the areas they conquered? (China, Persia, Russia)
China: hierarchal social structure that put foreigners over the Chinese. Traded alongthe silk road, adopted lots of Chinese culture and technology. Persia (Ilkhanate): Adopted Persian culture after overthrowing the abbasids, integrated into local society. Russia: conslidated Russia clans and forced them to pay tribute, which would help them when they would unite independently later.
39
Why did the Mongols' power decline? 5 REASONS
Internation divisions/succession issues Cultural assimilation weakened Mongolian identity Resistance and rebellions from conquered areas Overexpansion Disease (the black death)
40
What was the purpose of the Ming Treasure voyages? Why were they ended?
Project chinese power and prestige/supremacy Acquire exotic goods Gain knowledge about the world beyond Confucian-aligned scholars argued the trips were expensive and useless because China was much greater than the other nations and needed nothing from them. Money was also wanted for internal priorities, like defend against the Mongols and build the Forbidden city
41
What were the basic beliefs of Shinto
The indigenous religion of Japan was centered around respecting the sacredness of nature, honoring ancestors, ritual cleansing, harmony etc
42
What ideas did Japan borrow from China?
Writing system (Kanji to kana) Buddhism Government/Confucian governance (Prince Shotoku's constitution) Chinese poetry became Japanese Haikus
43
What did the people of Heain court value and admire? How do we know?
They revered aesthetics, refinement, art, literacy, romance, hierarchy and Shinto/Buddhist beliefs. We know because of literary sources like THE TALE OF GENJI
44
How did Central authority in Japan break down?
Rise of aritocratic clans, private armies under feudalism, ineffective erulers, a strong warrior class made the Shogun more powerful
45
How did Tokugawa Ieyasu set up a stable shogunate dynasty
Decisive Military Victory, a more balanced feudal system, alternate attendance, a strict social hierarchy, strict isolationism.
46
What significant changes occured during the Tokugawa era?
Peace/stability Rise of the merchant class, which used to be at the bottom of the social hierarchy. Neo-Confucianism Arts and culture (haiku, novels)
47
Why was the Shogun nervous about Christianity and what steps did he take?
Fear of foreign influence, disruption of the social order. Many rebellions were led by people who happened to be Christians. The Shogun began persecuting Christians and limit foreign trade to just one port with the Dutch: strict isolationism.
48
How did Japan's tolerance of foreigners change overtime?
First, Japan was very activiely borrowing Chinese culture/ tech etc. During the Heian period, a distinctly Japanese culture began to form. During the Tokugawa period, Japan shifted to strict isolationism.
49
How was Southeast Asia influenced by geography.
Monsoon winds: seasonal trade Diverse geography: varied local cultures Location between India and China: Epic trade route, influence from both cultures.
50
Tang/Song Dynasty period
600-1280
51
Mongols
1200s
52
Ming Treasure Ships (date)
Early 1400s
53
Feudal Era in Japan
1200 - 1600
54
Tokugawa Shogunate
1600s - 1800s
55
Where was the Khmer Empire, and some of their achievements?
Modern-day Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Angkor Wat (A huge temple in the capital that was originally Hindu, then shifted to being Buddhist).
56
What was the Ly Dynasty and what did they achieve?
Modern day Vietnam, created a strong independent state and established Thang Long (Hanoi) as the capital and promoted Buddhism
57
What were the two Korean dynasties?
Silla and Koryu
58
What are the accomplishments of the Silla dynasty
Unified the Three Kingdoms, Idu script, lots of trade and developments in construction, arts, and sciences
59
What are the accomplishments of the Koryu Dynasty
Consolidated Korea created a bureaucracy that made the Tripitaka Koreana (Buddhist scripture) and defeated the MONGOLS!
60
What are the four main islands of Japan?
Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu

AP Global (19 decks)

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