Chocolate Flashcards
(27 cards)
how many beans come in a pod?
30-50
what is the genus and species of a cocoa tree?
theobroma cocoa
where were cocoa beans first found?
the amazon basin
who produced the first solid chocolate bar?
fry and son in 1847
which country invented milk chocolate in the 19th century?
the swiss
where is the main producer of cocoa beans?
ivory coast
which is the finest variety of cocoa?
criollo (5-10% of cocoa produced)
where is criollo grown?
Central America and the Caribbean
what is the most bitter type of cocoa?
forastero (80% of coca produced)
where is forastero grown?
brazil and west africa
what is trinitario cocoa?
a cross between foratero and criollo
where did trinitario first originate?
Trinidad
what is the composition of cocoa?
36% moisture, 30% fat, and starch sugar and caffeine
how is bitterness reduced in milk chocolate?
milk proteins bind to phenolic compounds
what is milk chocolate in the UK made from?
chocolate crumb and cocoa butter
what is white bloom?
fat crystals
what is white chocolate made of?
sugar, milk, and cocoa butter (no cocoa solids)
what is the main saturated fat in chocolate?
stearic acid (cholesterol neutral)
what is the color change of the pods when they are ripe?
green to yellow
how many pods are harvested a year per tree?
20
is harvesting done by hand or a machine?
hand
what is the main reaction that takes place when the beans are fermented?
Maillard reaction (develops color and flavor)
what is micronizing and winnowing?
heat the surface of the bean using Infrared radiation causes the shell to burst and break off leaving nib
what happens during grinding?
nibs are ground between beaters and millstones to reduce particle size and produce cocoa liquor
