Cholinergic, adrenergic pharmacology

Question 1

where do nerves in the sympathetic nervous system originate

Answer 1

thoracic and lumbar regions

Question 2

what is afferent

Answer 2

signals towards the brain/ spinal cord

Question 3

where are the pre ganglionic nerves

Answer 3

lateral horn of spinal cord
T1-L2

Question 4

what is adrenergic

Answer 4

relating to adrenaline or noradrenaline and their receptors

Question 5

role of somatic ns

Answer 5

Connect the CNS with organs and striated muscle to perform our daily functions

Question 6

role of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 6

Regulates involuntary physiological processes

Question 7

differences between ganglion is sympathetic and parasympaethic ganglion

Answer 7

In the sympathetic system, the ganglion is within a chain adjacent to the spinal cord

In the parasympathetic system, the ganglion is within or very close to the effector organ

Question 8

2 main neurotransmitters

Answer 8

ACH
noradrenaline

Question 9

What occurs at the pre ganglionic nerve and what neurotransmitter and receptors esare involved

Answer 9

Ach acts on both nicotinic receptors

Question 10

is ach pre or post ganglionic

Answer 10

preganglionic and post ganglionic

Question 11

what does nicotine stimulate

Answer 11

sympathetic
parasympathetic

Question 12

how many muscarinic receptors

Answer 12

5

Question 13

role of the 5 types of muscarinnic receptors

Answer 13

m1- brain
m2 - heart
m3- all organs with paraysmpathetic innervation
m4- mainly cns
m5- mainly cns

Question 14

what would you expect with muscarine poisoning

Answer 14

miosis ( shrinking of pupil) and blurred vision
diarrhoea
polyuria

Question 15

what do pilocarpine eye drops do

Answer 15

they are m3 agonists
increases drainage of aqueous humour
reduces ocular pressure
treats acute

Question 16

what does botulin do

Answer 16

prevents the release of ach
causes flaccis paralysis and death from respiratory muscle involvement

Question 17

what is myasthenia gravis

Answer 17

Blockage of normal transmission of ACh leads to skeletal muscle weakness

can cause paralysis

Question 18

what is the precursor of adrenaline and noradrenaline

Answer 18

dopamine

Question 19

describe the structure of the nervous system

Answer 19

split into central and peripheral ns

Central is split into spinal cord and brain

Peripheral = efferent + afferent
efferent - autonomic + somatic
autonomic = sympathetic, enteric + parasympathetic
afferent

Question 20

what is efferent

Answer 20

carries signals away from the brain or spinal cord

Question 21

In general what recetpr and what neurotransmitter is involved in preganglions

Answer 21

ach
on nicotinic receptors
in symp / para

Question 22

In general what receptor and what neurotransmitter is involved in post ganglionic movements

Answer 22

ach on muscarinic receptors - parasympathetic
noradrenaline - alpha and beta receptors - sympathetic

Question 23

Activation of M2 on heart SA node causes…

Answer 23

decrease in heart rate

Question 24

Activation of M2 on heart AV node causes …

Answer 24

Decrease conduction velocity
Induces AV node block (increases PR interval)

Question 25

activation of m3 receptors in resp system causes ...

Answer 25

Produces mucus (airways and nasopharynx) Induces smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction)

Question 26

activation of m3 receptors in GI tract causes..

Answer 26

Increase saliva production Increases gut motility Stimulates biliary secretion

Question 27

activation of m3 receptors in skin causes

Answer 27

Only place where Sympathetic system releases ACh Stimulation of M3 causes sweating

Question 28

Describe the movement of Ach at the synaptic cleft in cholinergic pharmacy

Answer 28

1- choline moves into pre synaptic neurone with na dependant channels 2- ach moves into a vesicles 3- action potential causes voltage gated calcium channels to allow ca2+ to enter the axon 4- ach is released and bind to post synaptic receptors 5- acetylcholinesterase breaks down ach into acetate and choline 6- choline is recycled

Question 29

Cholinergic crisis symptoms

Answer 29

Salivation Lacrimation Urination Defecation Gastric upset Emesis

Question 30

What is a cholinergic crisis

Answer 30

Build up of ach Such as in myasthenia gravis , no longer a balance of communication

Question 31

Where can I find alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 31

All smooth muscle ,and organs relevant to sympathetic system

Question 32

Where can I find beta 1 receptors

Answer 32

Heart

Question 33

Where can I find alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors

Answer 33

Alpha 2- pre synaptic terminal of sympathetic neurons Beta 2 -airways of smooth muscle

Question 34

Main role of alpha and beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 34

To stimulate

Question 35

Main role of alpha 2 and beta 2 receptors

Answer 35

Inhibit

Question 36

Examples of what could happen when b1 receptors are stimulated

Answer 36

Tachycardia Increase in stroke volume Renin release Lipolysis

Question 37

Beta 1 blockers will therefore…

Answer 37

Reduce heart rate Reduce stroke volume Reduce myocardial oxygen demand

Question 38

Example of drug that works on enzymes

Answer 38

Ace inhibitor

Question 39

The cholinergic muscarinic receptor location

Answer 39

M1-brain M2-heart M3- lungs

Question 40

Which condition is related to disrupted ach transmission at the nmj

Answer 40

Myasthenia gravis

Question 41

what is tamulosin and what is it used for

Answer 41

an alpha 1 blocker 1st line med for benign prostatic hyperplasia relaxes the bladder neck so urine can flow easier

Question 42

who cant you give bets blockers to

Answer 42

patients with absolute asthma

Question 43

name 2 conditions where salbutamol may be prescribed

Answer 43

asthma copd