Intro to pharma

Question 1

what does activated charcoal do

Answer 1

used in paracetamol overdose
sticks to paracetamol so it cant be dissolved
but can only be used within an hour

ADSORPTION
physiochemical reaction

Question 2

what severe issues can paracetamol overdose cause

Answer 2

fulminant liver failure
shutdown of basic physiological systems
death

Question 3

metablism for paracetamol

Answer 3

phase 2 hepatic metabolism 95%
phase 1 5%

Question 4

what is the thing that makes paracetamol overdose so severe

Answer 4

NAPQI

Question 5

pharmacodynamics

Answer 5

what the drug does to the body ie what the drug does

Question 6

mechanism that the drugs use to have an effect in the body

Answer 6

• g protein coupling
• enzyme linked receptors
  -intracellular receptors
  -ligand gated ion channels

Question 7

pharmacokinetic

Answer 7

what the body does to the drug

Question 8

what is syngergism

Answer 8

when you put two drugs together- they work better than they would do alone

same type of drug ie analgesic

paracetamol and morphine
paracetamol and ibuprofen

Question 9

define antagonism

Answer 9

HAVE FULL AFFINITY AND ZERO EFFICACY THEREBY DECREASING THE ACTIVATION OF THE RECEPTOR

Question 10

what is salbutamol an example of

Answer 10

beta 2 agonist

Question 11

what can beta blockers be used to

Answer 11

heart failure to increase contractility
hypertension

Question 12

summation

Answer 12

when you add things together and its what you expect

Question 13

agonism

Answer 13

Have full affinity and full efficacy thereby increasing activation of the receptor

Question 14

name the types of agonists

Answer 14

full
partial
inverse

Question 15

what does a partial agonist do

Answer 15

can only generate a fraction of the total response

Question 16

what does an inverse agonist do

Answer 16

causes a decrease in signalling at the receptor site

Question 17

potentiation

Answer 17

drug a + drug b
drug a increases but drug b stays the same

Question 18

Pharmacokinetics mechanisms?

Answer 18

Administration
Distribution
Metabolism
Excretion

Question 19

Define bioavailabilty

Answer 19

Fraction of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation

Question 20

bioavailability for an IV drug and why

Answer 20

100%
Straight into bloodstream

Question 21

what drug can effect motility

Answer 21

codeine
opiates

Question 22

how does acidity have an effect of adsoprtion

Answer 22

more acidic environment an acidic drug is more likely to get adsorbed

Question 23

most common protein binding combo

Answer 23

warfarin + amiadarone

Question 24

what is morphine metabolised by

Answer 24

CYP450 into morphine 6- glucoronide

Question 25

what does phenyton do to morphine

Answer 25

enzyme induction causes excess morphine 6 glucuronide an overdose

Question 26

how can you decrease the production of morphine

Answer 26

metrondazole- an antibiotic enzyme inhibition

Question 27

what does enzyme induction do to wafarin

Answer 27

increase INR Increase risk of bleeding

Question 28

what is furosemide an example of

Answer 28

loop diuretic

Question 29

what would you give for an aspirin overdose

Answer 29

sodium bicarbonate, so that is it excreted rather than reabsorpebd

Question 30

what is affinity

Answer 30

how well the ligand binds to its receptor if it has low affinity it will bind less

Question 31

what is efficacy

Answer 31

how well the drug works on that specific receptor

Question 32

what is potency

Answer 32

the amount of drug needed to achieve a response in the body

Question 33

what does an agonist do

Answer 33

attaches to the receptor , causing a reaction in the cell

Question 34

what does a competitive inhibitor do

Answer 34

BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor by sitting in its action site affinity is unchanged

Question 35

what does a non competititive inhibitor do

Answer 35

BLOCKS other things from binding to the receptor but not by sitting in its action site, may attach elsewhere

Question 36

main factors that effect distribution

Answer 36

blood flow molecular weight/ size how lipophilic/ phobic a drug is blood brain barrier blood testicle barrier

Question 37

main routes of administration

Answer 37

oral subcutaneous intramuscular topical rectal intrathecal sublingual/ bucca; inhalation

Question 38

Competitive inhibition dose curve shape and explanation

Answer 38

Curve shifts right Drug has less affinity but same efficacy Drug is less potent

Question 39

Non competitive inhibitor dose curve shape

Answer 39

Curve shifts right and downwards Less affinity and less efficacy Drug is less potent

Question 40

Difference between tolerance of dependance

Answer 40

Tolerance is body physiological response to needing more Dependance is psychological