Cholinergics Flashcards
1
Q
M1
A
Nerves Gq
2
Q
M2
A
Heart nerves smooth muscle
Gi
3
Q
M3
A
Glands SM, endothelium
G1
4
Q
M4
A
CNS Gi
5
Q
M5
A
CNA Gq
6
Q
Nm
A
Skeletal muscle
Pentameric a2bdelta game/epsilon
NaK depolarizing channel
7
Q
Non
A
Postganglionic cells body , dendrites, CNS
A and b only
Na K depolarizing ion channel
8
Q
Entropic
A
Misalignment of the eyes caused by hypermetropic accommodative error
9
Q
Eye
A
M2, M3
10
Q
Heart SA/AV
A
M2
11
Q
Atria
A
M2
12
Q
Ventricle
A
M2
13
Q
Endothelium
A
M3
14
Q
Glands
A
M2,3
15
Q
Lung
A
M2,M3
16
Q
Lung
A
M2,M3
17
Q
GI
A
M2,M3
18
Q
CNS
A
M1-M5
19
Q
Most organs
A
M3 predominant
20
Q
Heart
A
M2
21
Q
Smooth muscle
A
M2,3
22
Q
What direct agonists are susceptible to acetylcholinesterase
A
Methacholine a bit not carb or beth
23
Q
Which direct cholinergic agonist has nicotonic cation
A
Carabachol
24
Q
Muscadine
A
Charged but can cross the BBB and is highly toxic (muschrooms)
25
AChe inhibitors
Alcohols (reversible)
Carbamic acid esters-reversible but no longer lasting than alcohols
Organophosphate -irreversible (covalent)
26
Charged AChE inhibitor
Insoluble in lipids
Do not cross BBB, poor PO absorption
Edrophonium, pyridostigmine, neostigmine, echothiophate, ambenonium
27
Neutral AChe inhibitors
Can cross BBB and readily absorbed
Organophosphates
Tertiary agents (physostigmine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, tacrine)
28
Cevimeline
Direct acting cholinergic Oral tablet used to treat dry mouth in patients with sjorgen
29
Varenicline
Smoking cessation
Partial agonist bindsa4b2 Nn
Stimulation and sustained release of mesolimbic dopamineare thought to reduce craving and withdrawal symptoms
30
Adverse effects varenicline
Nausea, neuropsychiatric (behavior changes, agitation, depressed, suicidal, suicide)
31
Uses for direct acting cholinergic
Post op ileus, congenital megacolon, urinary retention, esophageal reflux, zerosterma, sjorgen
32
Who are muscarinic stimulants contraindicated in
Asthma, hyperthyroidism, coronary insuffiency, acid peptic disease
33
How get nicotine poisoning
Cigarettes and insecticides
34
Symptoms of nicotonic poisoning
CNS stimulation, skeletal muscle and end plat depolarization, respiratoy paralysis, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmia
35
How treat ACH toxicity
Atropine and an anticonvulsant(diazepam a anticonvulsant)
36
Drugs used for ophthalmology
Atropine, cyclopentolate, homatropine, scopolamine, tropicamide
37
Drugs for respirator
Tiotropium
38
Urinary drugs
```
Darifenacin
Oxybutaynin
Solifenacin
Tolterodine
Trospium
```
39
Drugs for movement disorders
```
Benztropine
Biperiden
Orphenadrine
Procylidine
Trihexyphenidyl
```
40
What are homatropine and atropine used for
Prevent synechia formation in uveitisand iritis -long acting mydriasis and cycloplegia for 14 days
41
Ipratopium and tiotropium
Tiotropium is longer
42
Bladder receptor to prevent urgency for anticholinergic
M3
43
What selective M3 drugs for preventing urinary urgency
Darifenacin, solifenacin, tolterodine
| Longer half lives and reduced xerosterma and constipation
44
Contraindications for anticholinergics
Glaucoma
Prostatic hyperplasia
Acid peptic disease
45
Dopamine agonist
Fenoldpam D1 receptor
| Dopamine equal D1=D2
46
Partial B agonists
Acebutolol
Labetalol
Pindolol
Penbutolol
47
Penbutolol
B1 and B2 non selective blocker
48
Partial b agonist and ISA
Block sympathetic effects but have submaximal effects
| Less risk for bradycardia, increases VLDL/HDL and other effects of beta receptor blockade
49
Adverse effects of beta blockers
Sedation, sleep disturbances, depression
Increase VLDL and decrease HDL with chronic use
May exacerbate hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes patients on insulin
50
Cocaine
Indirect adrenomimetics
| Inhibits re uptake of DA and NE
51
Selegiline and phenelzine
Indirect adrenomimetics
| Inhibitors of MAO
52
Amphetamines, methylphenidate, tyramine
Indirect adrenomimetics
| Reverse NA and DA uptake mechanism and increase their release
53
Silicosis
A1 selective
54
Emphetamine and methamphetamine
Marked stimulant effect on mood and alertness
Decrease appetite
Drug abuse
55
Methylphenidate
Used in children with ADHD similar to amphetamine but has an abuse potential
56
Cocain
Inhibitors transmitter reuptake at adrenergic synapses
Peripheral and intense central action
Local anesthetic properties
Heavily abused
57
Phenelzine and selegiline
Inhibitors of MAO
Increase NE stores in CNA
Antidepressant action
58
Tyramine
Indirect adrenergic agonist
Product of tyrosine metabolism that is found in cheese, meats, smoked and pickled fish
Releases stored NE from presynaptic adrenergic terminals
Metabolized by MAO in liver
May lead to increase in BP in patients taking MOA inhibitors
59
Metytosine
Indirect acting inhibits synthesis of tyrosine hydroxilare at pre synaptic neuron
60
Guanethidine
Indirect acting prevents storage and depletes NE at synapse
61
Direct acting
Right on post synaptic neuron
62
Cocain
Indirect acts at synapse preventing reuptake
63
Phenelzine
MOA inhibitor in presynaptic neuron indirect
64
Amphetamine and ephedrine
Synapse release agent
65
Direct acting
On post synaptic neuron
