Chordates

Question 1

What is present in the embryos of all of Phylum Chordata, but may be lost in some adult forms?

Answer 1

Notochord

Question 2

What is true of the notochord of all vertebrates in Phylum Chordata?

Answer 2

It is always lost in the adult form and rarely has a skeletal function

Question 3

Phylum Chordata: Feeding

Answer 3

1. Suspension/filter
2. Scavengers
3. Herbivores
4. Predators

Question 4

In Phylum Chordata, the ___ is homologous to the thyroid

Answer 4

Endostyle

Question 5

What are the steps of Phylum Chordata feeding?

Answer 5

1. Endostyle secretes mucus
2. Mucus drawn around pharyngeal basket
3. H2O passes through and food sticks

Question 6

In Phylum Chordata, the pharyngeal gill slits of some organisms are modified into what?

Answer 6

1. Feeding structures for suspension/deposit feeding
2. Ventilation of gills
3. Ears, jaws, etc.

Question 7

Phylum Chordata: Morphology

Answer 7

1. Notochord
2. Dorsal hollow nerve cord
3. Complete gut
4. True coelom
5. Post-anal tail
6. Open or closed circulatory system
7. Gills and lungs for respiration
8. Segmentation

Question 8

The post-anal tail is lost in (1)___ ___ and used for swimming in (2)___

Answer 8

1. human adults

2. invertebrates

Question 9

Phylum Chordata: Characteristics of segmentation

Answer 9

1. Longitudinal v-shaped myomers

2. Myomeral coelomic cavities

Question 10

Phylum Chordata: Species

Answer 10

50,300

Question 11

Phylum Chordata: Habitat

Answer 11

Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial

Question 12

Phylum Chordata: Development

Answer 12

Deuterostome

Question 13

Phylum Chordata: Asexual reproduction

Answer 13

1. Budding

2. Parthogenesis

Question 14

Phylum Chordata: Sexual reproduction

Answer 14

Dioecious

Question 15

Phylum Chordata: Excretion

Answer 15

1. Metanephridia

2. Kidneys

Question 16

Phylum Chordata: Lifestyle

Answer 16

1. Solitary

2. Colonial

Question 17

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata includes what organism(s)?

Answer 17

Lancets

Question 18

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata includes what organism(s)?

Answer 18

Tunicates

Question 19

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Morphology

Answer 19

1. Vertebral column

2. Cranium

Question 20

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Species

Answer 20

35

Question 21

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Circulatory system

Answer 21

Closed with heart

Question 22

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Excrection

Answer 22

Protonephridia

Question 23

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Sexual reproduction

Answer 23

Dioecious

Question 24

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Morphology

Answer 24

1. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

2. Small brain

Question 25

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata: Respiration

Answer 25

Pharyngeal gill slits

Question 26

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Cephalochordata feed by (1)___ their (2)___ and (3)___ feeding

Answer 26

1. burrowing 2. tail 3. filter

Question 27

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata: Species

Answer 27

3,000

Question 28

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata: Morphology

Answer 28

1. Pharyngeal basket lined with mucus 2. Notochord and nerve cord lost in adults 3. Open circulation 4. Reduced nerves 5. No nephridia or respiratory system 6. Tunic

Question 29

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata: Asexual reproduction

Answer 29

Budding

Question 30

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata: Sexual reproduction

Answer 30

Mostly hermaphroditic

Question 31

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata: Development

Answer 31

Indirect

Question 32

Tunicin

Answer 32

Structural cellulose fibers of the tunic

Question 33

Tunic

Answer 33

An extracellular layer on top of the epidermis that is able to expand with growth

Question 34

The tunic contains (1)___, some of which also contain (2)___

Answer 34

1. hemocytes | 2. hemovanaden

Question 35

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Thaliacea: Feeding

Answer 35

1. Filter feeders | 2. Predators (phytoplankton and small zooplankton)

Question 36

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Thaliacea: Lifestyle

Answer 36

1. Solitary | 2. Form pelagic colonies (often)

Question 37

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Thaliacea: Movement

Answer 37

Via jet propulsion

Question 38

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Thaliacea: Morphology

Answer 38

Buccal and atrial siphons at opposite ends of body

Question 39

Explain the colonial arrangment of Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Tunicata, Class Ascidiacea.

Answer 39

Many individuals sharing one common tunic and common excurrent siphon.

Question 40

Phylum Urochordata includes what kinds of organism(s)?

Answer 40

Larvaceans

Question 41

Phylum Urochordata form what unique structure? Why is it ecologically important?

Answer 41

Form gelatnious "house" for feeding which is shed 5-10x per day. She houses are important site of biological activity and sinking of shed houses is an important mechanism of transport of organic matter to the deep sea.

Question 42

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Species

Answer 42

43,000

Question 43

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Habitat

Answer 43

1. Marine 2. Freshwater, 3. Terrestrial

Question 44

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Asexual reproduction

Answer 44

Parthenogenesis

Question 45

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Sexual reproduction

Answer 45

Dioecious

Question 46

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Development

Answer 46

Direct

Question 47

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Morphology

Answer 47

1. Endoskeleton made of cartilage or bone 2. Cranium with enlarged brain 3. Closed circulatory system with heart 4. Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Question 48

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Excretion

Answer 48

Kidney

Question 49

Phylum Chordata, Subphylum Vertebrata: Respiration

Answer 49

1. Gills | 2. Lungs