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ZOOL 475 > Lophophorata > Flashcards

Lophophorata Flashcards

(76 cards)

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1
Q

Synapomorphies of Ecdysozoa

A

alpha chitin

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2
Q

Synapomorphies of Lophotrocozoa

A

beta chitin

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3
Q

Synapomorphies of spiralia

A

spiral cleavage with mesentoblast (4D cell)

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4
Q

Synapomorphies of Lophophorata

A

lophophore

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5
Q

Lophophorata: Phyla

A
  1. Phoronida
  2. Brachiopoda
  3. Bryazoa
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6
Q

Emerging patterns of Lophophorata

A
  1. Lophophore
  2. Tube-/shell-dweller with u-shaped gut
  3. Metanephridia function as gonoducts
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7
Q

Lophophore

A

Horse-shoe shaped fold of the body wall. The mouth is located inside the tentacle arms and the coelom extends into the tentacles.

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8
Q

Lophophorata mesocoel

A

Extension of the coelom into the tentacles of the lophophore

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9
Q

Explain how metanephridia function as gonoducts in lophophores.

A

Metanephridia form open, ciliated funnels that expel gametes from the coelom.

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10
Q

Classic protostome characteristics:

A
  1. Spiral, determinate cleavage
  2. Schizocoely
  3. Blastopore becomes the mouth
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11
Q

Classic deuterostome characteristics:

A
  1. Radial, determinate cleavage
  2. Enterocoely
  3. Blastopore becomes the anus
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12
Q

Classic lophophorate characteristics:

A
  1. Radial, indeterminate cleavage
  2. Schizocoely, enterocoely, or niether
  3. Blastopore becomes mouth
  4. Dimeric body plan
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13
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Species

A

14

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14
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Habitat(s)

A

Marine

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15
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Lifestyle

A

Solitary

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16
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Movement

A

Sessile

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17
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Feeding

A

Filter

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18
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Circulatory system

A

Closed

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19
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Skeleton

A
  1. Chitinous tubes

2. Hydrostatic

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20
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Asexual reproduction

A

Fission

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21
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Sexual reproduction

A
  1. Monoecious

2. Dioecious

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22
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Size

A

Large

5.0 to 25.0 cm

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23
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Excretory system

A

Heart-kidney

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24
Q

Phylum Phoronida: Circulatory system

A

Closed

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25
Phylum Phoronida: Morphological features
1. U-shaped gut with anus outside tentacles | 2. Lophophore
26
Phylum Bryozoa: Species
4,000
27
Phylum Bryozoa: Habitat
Marine
28
Phylum Bryozoa: Size
Small | 0.5 to 5mm (individual)
29
Phylum Bryozoa: Movement
Sessile
30
Phylum Bryozoa: Feeding
Filter
31
Phylum Bryozoa: Excretory system
No specialized excretory system
32
Phylum Bryozoa: Respiratory system
No specialized respiratory system
33
Phylum Bryozoa: Skeleton
1. Chitinous or calcium exoskeleton | 2. Hydrostatic
34
Phylum Bryozoa: Morphology
1. U-shaped gut with anus outside tentacles | 2. Lophophore
35
Phylum Bryozoa: Asexual reproduction
Budding
36
Phylum Bryozoa: Sexual reproduction
1. Hermaphroditic colonies | 2. Zooids may be monoecious
37
Phylum Bryozoa: Lifestyle
Colonial
38
Phylum Bryozoa: Larva
Cyphonautes
39
Phylum Phoronida: Larva
Actinotrocha
40
Phylum Brachiopoda: Species
350
41
Phylum Brachiopoda: Habitat
Marine
42
Phylum Brachiopoda: Size
1.0 to 9.0cm
43
Phylum Brachiopoda: Movement
Sessile
44
Phylum Brachiopoda: Feeding
Filter
45
Phylum Brachiopoda: Lifestyle
Solitary
46
Phylum Brachiopoda: Sexual reproduction
Dioecious
47
Phylum Brachiopoda: Respiratory system
No specialized respiratory system
48
Phylum Brachiopoda: Excretory system
No specialized excretory system
49
Phylum ___ is not clearly protostomous or deuterostomous
Brachiopoda
50
Phylum Brachiopoda: Cleavage
Radial and indirect
51
Phylum Brachiopoda: Coelom formation
1. Schizocoely | 2. Enterocoely
52
Phylum Brachiopoda: Larva
1. Inarticulate (feeding) | 2. Articulate (non-feeding)
53
Synapomorphies of Phylum Brachiopoda
1. Bivalve shell
54
Synapomorphies of Phylum Phoronida
1. Actinotrocha larva
55
Synapomorphies uniting phylum Phoronida and Brachiopoda
1. DNA evidence
56
Synapomorphies of Phylum Bryozoa
1. Colonial lifestyle
57
Synapomorphies uniting Phylum Phoronida, Brachiopoda, and Bryozoa
1. Lophophore | 2. Nephridia as gonoducts
58
Synapomorphies uniting Protostomia and Deuterostomia
1. Bilateral symmetry
59
Emerging patterns of spiralia
1. Spiral cleavage 2. Metanephridia or protonephridia 3. Flat bodies 4. Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, or coelomate body cavity 5. Mesentoblast
60
Ancestrula
A stage of bryozoan development whereby an initial zooid gives rise to an entire colony by asexual budding
61
"Water brain"
The common name for freshwater bryozoans
62
Statoblast
Dormant, highly resistant freshwater bryozoan (individual) life stage.
63
Mesentoblast
4D cell found in spiralia development that always goes on to form the mesoderm.
64
Explain how protonephridia remove waste.
1. Flame cells pump fluid across an ultrafilter 2. Ultrafilter traps proteins and cells 3. Waste and water continue out
65
Protonephridia are found in groups that lack what?
A true coelom or circulatory system
66
(1)___ bodies increase the (2)___-___-___-___ ratio, allowing for (3)___ ___ ___.
1. Flat 2. volume-to-surface-area 3. larger body size
67
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Size
Small (usually) 0.1 to 3.0cm Up to 30m
68
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Excretory system
Protonephridia
69
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Sensory system
1. Eyespots | 2. Auricles
70
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Nervous system
1. Brain | 2. Two nerve cords
71
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Sexual reproduction
1. Monoecious (usually) | 2. Internal fertilization (all)
72
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Habitat
1. Marine 2. Freshwater 3. Terrestrial
73
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Lifestyle
1. Free-living (3,000) | 2. Parasitic (22,000)
74
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Life history characteristics
Complex with multiple stages
75
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Symmetry
Bilateral
76
Phylum Platyhelminthes: Morphology
1. Cephalized 2. Wormlike body, dorsoventrally flattened 3. Acoelomate 4. Mesenchyme between organs 5. Blind gut or absent

ZOOL 475 (4 decks)

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