chp 10

Question 1

gene

Answer 1

the DNA on chromosomes

Question 2

homologous chromosomes

Answer 2

one chromosome from each parent that make up a pair

Question 3

gametes

Answer 3

sex cells with half the number of chromosomes

Question 4

haploid

Answer 4

a cell with a certain number of chromosomes

Question 5

fertilization

Answer 5

when one haploid combines with another haploid gamete

Question 6

diploid

Answer 6

a cell with 2n numbers of chromosomes (haploid becomes diploid after fertilization)

Question 7

meiosis

Answer 7

sex cell division

Question 8

crossing over

Answer 8

chromosomal segments are exchanged between homologous chromosomes (happens in Prophase one)

Question 9

interphase

Answer 9

• chromosomes replicate

- chromatin condenses

Question 10

prophase I

Answer 10

• crossing over
• spindles form
• nuclear envelope breaks down

Question 11

metaphase I

Answer 11

• centromeres attach to spindle fibers

- homologous chromosomes line up in the middle

Question 12

anaphase I

Answer 12

-homologous chromosomes separate

Question 13

telophase I

Answer 13

• spindles break down
• chromosomes unwind and form 2 nuclei
• cell divides

Question 14

prophase II

Answer 14

• chromosomes condense

- spindle fibers form in each new cell and attach to chromosomes

Question 15

metaphase II

Answer 15

-centromeres line up in the middle

Question 16

anaphase II

Answer 16

• centromeres split

- sister chromatids split and move to opposite areas of the cell

Question 17

telophase II

Answer 17

• four nuclei form around chromosomes
• spindles break down
• cells divide

Question 18

pigments that make leaves colored red, yellow

Answer 18

carotenoids

Question 19

autotroph

Answer 19

animal who makes its own food (greek “self feeder”)

Question 20

heterotroph

Answer 20

animal who takes food from the earth (greek “other feeder”)

Question 21

qualitative

Answer 21

interview of how good your information is

Question 22

quantitative

Answer 22

how much information you have

Question 23

macromolecule that contains the most energy

Answer 23

lipids

Question 24

allele

Answer 24

one or more versions of a gene

Question 25

F1 generation

Answer 25

1st filial generation. offspring of the parents

Question 26

F2 generation

Answer 26

2nd filial generation. offspring of F1 generation

Question 27

ratio of F2 generation

Answer 27

3:1

Question 28

dominant

Answer 28

trait usually seen in f1 gen

Question 29

recessive

Answer 29

trait masked in the fi gen and usually seen in f2 gen

Question 30

homozygous

Answer 30

organism with two of the same alleles for a particular trait

Question 31

heterozygous

Answer 31

organism with 2 diff alleles for a particular trait

Question 32

genotype

Answer 32

allele pairs

Question 33

phenotype

Answer 33

physical expressions or characteristics of alleles

Question 34

law of segregation

Answer 34

2 alleles for each trait separate in meiosis

Question 35

hybrid

Answer 35

heterozygous organisms

Question 36

law of independent assortment

Answer 36

a random distribution of alleles occur during gamete formation

Question 37

dihybrid cross ratio

Answer 37

9:3:3:1