CHP 10

Question 1

What is the relationship between any two strands of DNA?

Answer 1

One was the template for the synthesis of the other.

Question 2

One strand of DNA is the template for the synthesis of another strand. What does this mean?

Answer 2

The template specifies the bases on the nucleotides of the strand being made

Question 3

What are the products of the replication of one DNA molecule?

Answer 3

two identical double-stranded DNA molecules

Question 4

Number of Bases?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

The Nucleotide in one strand of DNA are held together by?

Answer 5

Covalent Bonds

Question 6

The two strands of a double helix of DNA are linked by what kind of bonds?

Answer 6

hydrogen bonds between bases

Question 7

Monomers of DNA and RNA?

Answer 7

Nucleotides

Question 8

Backbone of DNA consist of?

Answer 8

a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern

Question 9

DNA double helix is?

Answer 9

made up of two polynucleotide strands

Question 10

Bases of DNA and RNA

Answer 10

DNA: A, G, T, C
RNA: A, G, U, C

Question 11

If adenine makes up 20% of the bases in a DNA double helix, what percent of the bases are guanine?

Answer 11

30%

Question 12

In a DNA double helix, adenine pairs with ______ and guanine pairs with ______.

Answer 12

thymine . . . cytosine

Question 13

Who discovered the structure of DNA?

Answer 13

Watson and Crick

Question 14

Evidence for the spiral nature of DNA came from ______.

Answer 14

X-ray crystallography studies

Question 15

What type of chemical bond joins the bases of complementary DNA strands?

Answer 15

hydrogen bonds

Question 16

During replication, ______ are the enzymes responsible for joining the nucleotides of a new DNA strand together.

Answer 16

DNA polymerases

Question 17

The modern phrasing of Beadle and Tatum’s hypothesis about relationships between genes and their products is “one gene-one ______.”

Answer 17

polypeptide

Question 18

What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?

Answer 18

phenotype

Question 19

Where does replication and transcription occur?

Answer 19

Nucleus

Question 20

Which of the following molecules are produced by transcription?

Answer 20

Ribozymes and Messenger RNA

Question 21

Players of Transcription and Translation

Answer 21

mRNA-Messenger
rRNA-Ribosomal
tRNA-Transfer

Question 22

Where can you find anticodon?

Answer 22

tRNA

Question 23

Ribosome/description, function

Answer 23

Where protein synthesis takes place;

reads RNA in groups of 3 and starts to produce amino acid>polypeptide>protein

Question 24

Where do mRNA, tRNAs, and amino acids come together to make a protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 24

in the cytoplasm

at the ribosomes

Question 25

Difference between RNA and DNA?

Answer 25

RNA is found in nucleus and cytoplasm | DNA only nucleus

Question 26

DNA>RNA>Protein/ what do the arrows indicate?

Answer 26

Flow

Question 27

Transfer RNA

Answer 27

act as interpreter carries amino acid uses anticodons

Question 28

Codon?

Answer 28

triple base which codes for one amino acid

Question 29

Translation?

Answer 29

from nucleic acid language (from RNA) converted to protein language

Question 30

Transcription?

Answer 30

synthesis of RNA on a DNA template manufacture of a strand of RNA complementary to a strand of DNA initiation, elongation, termination

Question 31

A mutation found at a single location in the genome?

Answer 31

Point-Mutation

Question 32

Point Mutation and Example?

Answer 32

happens in a base pair, can have multiple mutation

Question 33

Mutations that occur in somatic cells are:

Answer 33

not passed on to future generations

Question 34

Are multiple mutations required to make a malignant cancer cell?

Answer 34

yes

Question 35

Smallest # of nucleotides that must be added or subtracted to alter the reading frame?

Answer 35

1

Question 36

Prophage and provirus can be found in which organisms' cells?

Answer 36

bacteria; animal

Question 37

Enzyme used by HIV virus to reproduce?

Answer 37

reverse transcriptase

Question 38

Which of the following is an emerging virus?

Answer 38

SARS, T2

Question 39

Why are emerging virus especially dangerous?

Answer 39

Populations are susceptible because they have no immunity to them.

Question 40

Bacteriophages

Answer 40

Virus that attack bacteria | have two reproductive cycle: Lytic cycle or Lysogenic cycle

Question 41

How can bacteriophages DNA be spread from cell to cell without causing death?

Answer 41

lysogenic cycle