Chp. 11

Question 1

Which bacteria is a:
- Common inhabitant of skin and mucous membranes
- Cocci shaped
- Gram +
- Lack spores and flagella
- May have capules
- Facultative anaerobe
- Withstands high salt, extreme pH and extreme temp

Answer 1

Staphylococci

Question 2

Which enzyme coagulates plasma and blood?

Answer 2

Coagulase

Question 3

Which enzyme digests connective tissue?

Answer 3

Hyaluronidase

Question 4

Which enzyme digests DNA?

Answer 4

DNase

Question 5

Which enzyme inactivates penicillin?

Answer 5

Penicillinase

Question 6

Which enzyme digests blood clots?

Answer 6

Staphylokinase

Question 7

Which enzyme digests oils and enhances colonization on skin?

Answer 7

Lipases

Question 8

Which toxin induces gastrointestinal distress?

Answer 8

Enterotoxin

Question 9

Which toxin induces fever, vomiting, shock, and systemic organ damage?

Answer 9

Toxic shock syndrome toxin

Question 10

Which toxin lyses red blood cells?

Answer 10

Hemolysins

Question 11

Which toxin induces gastrointestinal distress?

Answer 11

Enterotoxin

Question 12

Which toxin separates the epidermis from the dermis?

Answer 12

Exfoliative toxin

Question 13

What are the localized cutaneous infections of staphylococcal disease?

Answer 13

• Folliculitis
• Furuncle
• Carbuncle
• Impetigo

Question 14

What is folliculitis, a furuncle, and a carbuncle?

How are they treated?

Answer 14

Folliculitis: pimple (one infected hair). Tetracycline/ erythromycin

Furuncle: boil (one infected hair and surrounding area). Doxycycline

Carbuncle: multiple hairs and surrounding tissues infected. Dicloxacillin and must be cut out

Question 15

Tiny bumps found on newborns are known as ______

Answer 15

Impetigo

Question 16

What is used to treat Staphylococcus aureus diseases? (resistant to penicillin and ampicillin)

Answer 16

Vancomycin

Question 17

Is S. aureus positive or negative for the coagulase test?

Answer 17

Positive

Question 18

Is streptococci positive or negative for catalase?

Answer 18

Negative

Question 19

Is Bacillus positive or negative for catalase?

Answer 19

Negative

Question 20

Is Clostridium positive or negative for catalase?

Answer 20

Negative

Question 21

Is Neisseria meningitidis gram positive or negative? Who are the reservoirs for it and what are some modes of transmission?

Answer 21

• Gram negative
• We are the human reservoir
• Direct contact, respiratory droplets, and saliva during intimacy

Question 22

What are some symptoms of N. meningitidis? What are the unique symptoms?

Answer 22

• Sudden high fever
• Stiff neck (US)
• Sensitivity to light (US)

Question 23

What is the treatment and prevention of N. meningitidis?

What is the population at risk and prognosis?

Answer 23

• penicillin G
• meningococcal vaccine
• infants, teens, and young adults at risk
• death if caught too late (causes necrosis “tissue death”)

Question 24

Which bacteria is:
- gram-positive, endospore-forming, motile rods
- mostly saprobic (feed on dead or decaying matter)
- Aerobic and catalase positive
- Versatile in degrading complex macromolecules
- Source of antibiotics
- Primary habitat is soil

Answer 24

Bacillus

Question 25

What are three ways Bacillus anthracis can be obtained?

Answer 25

- Cutaneous: spores enter through skin (least dangerous) - Pulmonary: inhalation of spores (most dangerous, 95% death if untreated) - Gastrointestinal: ingested spores (60% death rate)

Question 26

What are the unique symptoms of each type of Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 26

- Cutaneous: Black sore-eschar - Pulmonary: Coughing up blood - Gastrointestinal: Bloody diarrhea

Question 27

What is the treatment and prevention for Bacillus anthracis?

Answer 27

Treatment: Penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin Prevention: vaccines only given to livestock and military

Question 28

What does Bacillus cereus cause?

Answer 28

Produces toxins that causes mild diarrhea for 24 hours (not that serious)

Question 29

What does Clostridium tetani cause? What toxin is produced and what is its Unique symptom?

Answer 29

Tetanus (Lockjaw) Produces tetanospasmin (does not allow acetylcholine to relax muscles) US: Muscles continuously contracted

Question 30

What is the treatment and prevention for Clostridium tetani?

Answer 30

- Treat with antibiotics - Antitoxin therapy with human tetanus immune globulin - Penicillin and muscle relaxants - Vaccinate with DTaP (6 and under) or TDaP (teens and adults and booster shot every 7-10 years

Question 31

What does TDaP treat?

Answer 31

Tetanus Diphtheria Pertussis

Question 32

What does Clostridium botulinum cause? What toxin is produced and what is its unique symptom?

Answer 32

Botulism Botulinum toxin US: Descending paralysis

Question 33

What is the treatment and prevention for Botulism?

Answer 33

Antitoxin and penicillin Examine canned foods and avoid badly dented cans Wound cleaning No vaccine available as of right now

Question 34

What does Corynebacterium cause and who are the reservoirs? What toxin does it produce and what is its unique symptom?

Answer 34

Diphtheria, healthy carriers not vaccinated from diphtheria Diphtherotoxin US: Pseudomembrane

Question 35

What is the treatment and prevention for Diphtheria?

Answer 35

Antitoxins and penicillin (gram + bacteria) Erythromycin (targets protein synthesis) Prevented by toxoid vaccine series and boosters, DTaP or TDaP