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Chp 20 Disasters Flashcards

Exam 4 (Final)

1
Q

Agencies/Organizations -Disaster Management

What are the orgs/agencies (Hint: There are 8):

A

Red Cross

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

WHO’s Emergency Relief Operations

Pan American Health Organization

Doctors Without Borders

International Medical Corps

Operation Blessing

Military

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2
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

What does the Red Cross respond to?

A

From small house fires to multi-state natural disasters, the American Red Cross responds, so people can have clean water, safe shelter and hot meals when they need them most.

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3
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

How many disasters do they respond to every year?

A

The Red Cross responds toan average of more than 60,000 disasters every year

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4
Q

American Red Cross Disaster Relief:

What percent are volunteers?

A

95%of disaster relief workers are volunteers

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5
Q

Emergencies and Disasters

What are emergencies considered?

A

Emergencies are considered events that require a swift, intense response on the part of existing community resources.

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6
Q

Emergencies and Disasters

What are disasters?

A

Disasters are often unforeseen, serious, and unique events that disrupt essential community services and cause human morbidity and mortality. Effects may be long-lasting.

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7
Q

Emergencies and Disasters:

What do disasters require?

A

Require considerable resources.

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8
Q

Emergencies and Disasters:

How long are effects of disasters?

A

Effects may be long-lasting.

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9
Q

Disasters:

What do they vary by?

A

Type

Onset

Duration

Magnitude or scope

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10
Q

Disasters:

Types of disasters include:

A

Natural

Accidental

Man-made

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11
Q

Disaster Management:

What are the phases?

A

Preimpact

Impact

Post-impact

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12
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

A

Prevention

Preparedness

Response

Recovery

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13
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Prevention: What should identified? What should be developed?

A

Identify community risk factors

Develop and implement prevention programs

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14
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Preparedness:

A

Improve community and individual reaction/responses to minimize effects of disasters

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15
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Response: What occurs?

A

Rescue,

triage,

on-site stabilization,

transportation of victims,

and treatment at local hospitals

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16
Q

Phases of Disaster Management
include:

Recovery: What occurs?

A

Repair,

rebuild,

or relocate,

and restore health and economic vitality to the community

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17
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

A

Causation

Casualties

Scope

Intensity

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18
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Causation:

A

Natural or man-made

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19
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties

A

Number of human beings injured or killed by or as a direct result of an incident

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20
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties: What is considered a multiple-casualty incident?

A

Multiple-casualty incident: >2 but <100

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21
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Casualties: What is considered a Mass-casualty incident?

A

Mass-casualty incident: >100

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22
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Scope

A

Range of its effect, either geographically or in terms of the number of victims

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23
Q

Characteristics of Disasters

Intensity

A

The level of destruction and devastation it causes

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24
Q

Victims of Disaster

What are the groups?

A

Direct victims

Indirect victims

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25
Victims of Disaster Direct victims: WHo are they?
: survivors and fatalities
26
Victims of Disaster Direct victims: : survivors and fatalities Who does this include?
Displaced persons - usually temporary Refugees
27
Victims of Disaster Indirect victims: Who does this include?
Indirect victims: relatives or friends of direct victims
28
Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster
Host factors: Agent factors: Environmental factors
29
Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster Host Factors include:
Age, general health, mobility, psychological factors, and socioeconomic factors
30
Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster Agent factors include:
Natural or technologic element that causes the disaster
31
Factors Contributing to the Potential for Disaster Environmental factors include:
Those that could potentially contribute to or mitigate a disaster
32
Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention): Includes?
Disaster Prevention Disaster Preparedness
33
Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention) Disaster Prevention:
Primary level Secondary level Tertiary level
34
Community Health Nurse Roles (Prevention) Disaster Preparedness
Disaster planning; personal preparation; assessment for risk factors and disaster history Establishing authority, communication, and transportation Mobilizing, warning, and evacuating
35
Community Health Nurse Roles Disaster Prevention: Primary Prevention
Primary prevention Community surveillance; signs of possible terrorist activity
36
Community Health Nurse Roles Disaster Prevention: What is secondary prevention?
Preparation for safe action, quick information access, and resource use; ensuring current disaster plan
37
Community Health Nurse Roles Disaster Prevention: What is tertiary prevention?
Response to terroristic acts: direct care; dealing with groups, families including the aftermath
38
Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact) includes:
Responding to disaster Supporting recovery
39
Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact) includes: Responding to disaster
Rescue Triage immediate treatment and support Care of bodies; family notification
40
Community Health Nurse Roles (Impact) includes: Supporting recovery
Long-term treatment Long-term support Need for self-care (critical incident stress debriefing [CISD])
41
Psychological Consequences
Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
42
Psychological Consequences: Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) What is needed?
Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN
43
Psychological Consequences: Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN Primary prevention:
Primary prevention: resilience
44
Psychological Consequences: Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN Secondary prevention:
Secondary prevention: crisis intervention
45
Psychological Consequences: Acute stress disorder, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Education, screening, assessment, and referral by CHN Tertiary prevention:
Tertiary prevention: referral for treatment
46
What can reduce the impact on the community?
Although disasters do not occur with frequency, planning with vulnerability assessment can reduce the impact on the community
47
Preparedness includes?
Identification of hazards Analysis of vulnerability Assessment of risk National Response Framework (Federal Emergency Management Agency)
48
National Response Framework
Plan Organize, Train and Equip Exercise Evaluate and improve
49
Point-of-Distribution Plans: Where do all responses begin?
All responses begin at the local level, where the disaster management plan is implemented, and responders are deployed.
50
MRC and CERT Groups What do they do?
Mitigation Response Field triage Recovery
51
Terrorism: What is it?
Unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, civilian populations, to advance political or social objectives (U.S. FBI)
52
Terrorism Agents for terrorism
Bioweapons/Bioterrorism (mustard gas and anthrax) Nuclear agents Chemical warfare
53
Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism Primary prevention
Alert to signs of possible terrorist activity Knowledge base of terrorism pathogens or chemical weapons
54
Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism Secondary prevention
Be prepared to act safely, access information rapidly, and use resources effectively
55
Levels of Prevention Applied to Terrorism Tertiary prevention
Provide direct care to victims, to volunteer as a hospital–community liaison, make home visits to affected families, serve on committees responding to terrorist acts
56
Bioterrorism What can it result in?
Result in high mortality rates
57
Bioterrorism Categories of bioterrorism agents: How are they?
Can be easily disseminated or transmitted from person to person
58
Bioterrorism What do they have a potential for?
Have the potential for major public health impact
59
Bioterrorism What may they cause?
Might cause public panic and social disruption and require special action for public health preparedness
60
Bioterrorism Agents include?
Anthrax Botulism Plague Smallpox Tularemia Viral hemorrhagic fevers Ebola precautions
61
Chemical Disasters How do they differ from biologic agents?
Unlike biologic agents, which require an incubation period before symptoms appear
62
Chemical Disasters What is it?
Unlike biologic agents, which require an incubation period before symptoms appear, a chemical agent, when released, makes its presence known immediately through observation (explosion), self‐admission (accidental), or the occurrence of rapidly emerging symptoms, such as burns, difficulty breathing, or convulsions.
63
Role of Nurses in a Chemical Disaster Evaluating factors include:
Hazardous material Population at risk Time span Current and predicted weather conditions Ability to communicate emergency information
64
Evacuation When is shelter in place used?
Shelter in place is used for short‐duration incidents, when moving would result in a greater hazard or it is impractical to evacuate.
65
Evacuation When does evacuation occur?
Evacuation occurs when there is potential for massive explosions and fire as well as for long‐duration events.
66
Evacuation When does invacuation occur?
Invacuation occurs when people in a hospital or residential facility are moved to another floor or area within the facility.
67
Radiologic Disasters Health outcome depends on the following:
Amount or dose of radiation absorbed Type of radiation Route of exposure Length of time exposed
68
Blast Injuries
Explosions in confined spaces cause higher morbidity and mortality.
69
Blast Injuries: How is communication with victims?
Communication with victims may be difficult due to sudden temporary deafness.
70
Blast Injuries: What are many injuries due to?
Many injuries are due to flying debris.
71
Blast Injuries: What is there an increased chance of?
Open wounds have increased chance to become infected.
72
Blast Injuries: What should not be delayed? How are assessments?
Triage and lifesaving efforts should not be delayed. assessments should be focused.

Community Health (16 decks)

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