Chp 27 - Nursing Care of the Child Born With a Physical or Developmental Challenge

Question 1

Also known as “tongue tied”. The abnormal restriction of tongue by abnormally tight frenulum

Answer 1

ANKYLOGLOSSIA

Question 2

This is a simple surgical procedure to release the frenulum. It’s often performed quickly and with minimal discomfort

Answer 2

Frenotomy

Question 3

A more complex surgical procedure that may be needed if the frenulum is very thick.

Answer 3

Frenuloplasty

Question 4

It is a failure of the maxillary & median nasal processes to fuse that range from small notch in the upper lip to total separation of lip & facial structure up into floor of the nose, with even upper teeth and gingiva absent

Answer 4

Cleft Lip

Question 5

Cleft Lip comes in high incidence in ______ population, and lower incidence in African-American population

Answer 5

Asian

Question 6

It is a palate opening that usually on the midline & involves anterior hard palate, posterior soft palate, or both

Answer 6

Cleft Palate

Question 7

a triad of micrognathia (small mandible), cleft palate, and glossoptosis (a tongue malpositioned downward).

Answer 7

Pierre Robin Syndrome

Question 8

orifice/passage in body that is closed or absent

Answer 8

ATRESIA

Question 9

abnormal/surgically made passage between hollow or tubular organ & body surface, between 2 hollow, or tubular organs

Answer 9

FISTULA

Question 10

obstruction of esophagus

Answer 10

ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA

Question 11

Abdominal contents protruding through wall of abdomen at the junction of UC and abdomen. Intestines are usually herniated but sometimes it included stomach and liver.

Answer 11

Omphalocele

Question 12

what is the difference between Gastroschisis and Omphalocele

Answer 12

Gastroschisis: the intestines are outside the abdomen through a hole in the abdomen

Omphalocele: the intestine, liver, and other organs reamin outside of the abdomen in a sac

Question 13

Anal stricture is
narrowing the end of tube
that takes stool out of the body. The other term is “anal stenosis

Answer 13

IMPERFORATE ANUS

Question 14

Newborns with imperforate anus are usually identified upon the first physical examination

Answer 14

-Absence of stool
-Passing of stools in other openings
-Swollen belly
-Absence of anal opening

Question 15

protrusion of an abdominal organ (usually the stomach or intestine) through a defect in the diaphragm into the chest cavity. This usually occurs on the left side, causing cardiac displacement to the right side of the chest and collapse of the left lung

Answer 15

Diaphragmatic Hernia

Question 16

How does a diaphragmatic hernia occur

Answer 16

the chest and abdominal cavity are one; at approximately week 8 of growth, the diaphragm forms to divide them. If the diaphragm does not form
completely, the intestines can herniate through the diaphragm opening into the chest cavity

Question 17

how to manage cleft lip and palate

Answer 17

-fetal surgery
-surgical repair
-nasal mold apparatus shape better nostril
-revision of original repair

Question 18

how to manage TRACHEOSOPHAGEAL ATRESIA AND FISTULA

Answer 18

-emergency surgery
-antibiotics
-gastrostomy
-close monitoring until suture dissolves

Question 19

management of omphalocele

Answer 19

-surgery within 24hrs
-silastic pouch/”silo”
-TPN

Question 20

management for imperforate anus

Answer 20

-NPO until surgery is done
-temporary colostomy
-OGT/NGT insertion
-in for fluid and electrolytes

Question 21

management for diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 21

-laparoscopy
-semi fowlers
-NPO
-NGT/gastrostomy insertion

Question 22

protrusion of a portion of the intestine through the umbilical ring, muscle, and fascia surrounding the umbilical cord

Answer 22

Umbilical Hernia

Question 23

an excess of CSF in the ventricles or the subarachnoid space

Answer 23

Hydrocephalus

Question 24

How to assess hydrocephalus

Answer 24

For assessing this kind of condition, ultrasound, CT scan, and transillumination test in order to identify abnormalities in the body.

Question 25

tube that is surgically implanted to drain excess CSF from the brain to another part of the body, usually the abdomen

Answer 25

Shunt placement

Question 26

surgical procedure that creates an opening in the floor of the third ventricle to allow CSF to drain.

Answer 26

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy

Question 27

This happens when the fusion of posterior laminae of vertebrae fails

Answer 27

SPINA BIFIDA

Question 28

when the meninges herniate through unformed vertebrae

Answer 28

MENINGOCELE

Question 29

Meningocele is a protruding mass appears and usually have same size of an _______ at the center of back

Answer 29

orange

Question 30

the spinal cord & meninges protruding the vertebrae same with meningocele

Answer 30

MYELOMENINGOCELE

Question 31

what can be used to differentiate meningocele to myelomeningocele

Answer 31

-CT scan -Ultrasound -MRI

Question 32

The higher the myelomeningocele, the ______ the chance hydrocephalus accompany it

Answer 32

higher

Question 33

cranial meningocele or myelomeningocele occurs most often in the occipital area of the skull but may occur as a nasal or nasopharyngeal disorder

Answer 33

Encephalocele

Question 34

the absence of cerebral hemispheres. The mother may experience difficult in labor, most of this condition present as breech

Answer 34

ANENCEPHALY

Question 35

slow growth of brain that falls more than 3x below normal on growth charts

Answer 35

Microcephaly

Question 36

underdevelopment or imperfect hip can affect the head, acetabulum, or both. The femur head don’t lie deep enough within acetabulum & slips out in movement

Answer 36

DEVELOPMENTAL HIP DYSPLASIA

Question 37

mildest form; femoral head remains in acetabulum

Answer 37

Acetabular dysplasia

Question 38

most common form; femoral head partially displaced

Answer 38

Subluxation

Question 39

femoral head not in contact with acetabulum; displaced posteriorly and superiorly

Answer 39

Dislocation

Question 40

management for hip dysplasia

Answer 40

-surgical intervention -positioning of legs slightly flexed and abducted -pavlik harness; spica cast from the waist to below knees

Question 41

This condition can result from ingestion of maternal drug, viral invasion, and amniotic band formation. Prostheses of lower extremity are fitted as early as 6 months while upper extremity are fitted this early so infant can handle and explore objects readily

Answer 41

ABSENT OR MALFORMED EXTREMITIES

Question 42

presence of one or additional fingers or toes. These are usually amputated off early.

Answer 42

POLYDACTYLY

Question 43

when two fingers or toes are fuse

Answer 43

SYNDACTYLY

Question 44

indention of lower portion of sternum. There can be decreased lung volume, heart is displaced to the left.

Answer 44

PECTUS EXCAVATUM

Question 45

when the sternum is displaced anteriorly, increasing AP diameter of the chest

Answer 45

PECTUS CARINATUM

Question 46

2 types of chest deviations

Answer 46

-PECTUS EXCAVATUM -PECTUS CARINATUM

Question 47

occurs as a congenital anomaly when the sternocleidomastoid muscle is injured and bleeds during birth

Answer 47

Torticollis (Wry Neck)

Question 48

The sutures of the skull is closing prematurely and may occur in utero or early infancy

Answer 48

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS

Question 49

CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS needs to be detected early because sealed skull will compromise _______ ________

Answer 49

Brain Growth

Question 50

failure of bone growth inherited as a dominant trait. It causes a disorder in cartilage production in utero

Answer 50

Achondroplasia

Question 51

deformities are ankle–foot disorders, popularly called clubfoot

Answer 51

Talipes