Chp 40 - Respiratory Disorder

Question 1

Components of Assessing Respiratory Function

Answer 1

rate
depth
ease
labored breathing
rhythm

Question 2

which sinuses are present at birth

Answer 2

Ethmoidal and
maxillary sinuses

Question 3

Infants have _______ occiputs resulting in obstructed airways

Answer 3

larger

Question 3

which sinuses do not develop until 6-8 years old

Answer 3

Frontal and sphenoidal sinuses

Question 4

High risk for airway
obstruction due to high
________ from underdeveloped cartilage
& noncompliant chest wall

Answer 4

laxity

Question 5

Infants are nose breathers
until how old

Answer 5

6 months old

Question 6

What is the 1st sign of
respiratory distress?

Answer 6

Tachypnea

Question 7

Humidification should not be used among?

Answer 7

Asthmatic patients

Question 8

handheld; provide steam
of air into respiratory tract covers nose & mouth

Answer 8

Nebulizer

Question 9

mask and nose piece, young children resist due to mask over face

Answer 9

Metered dose inhaler

Question 10

Changing child’s position
to help move mucus to
initiate a cough reflex thus
preventing mucus from
pooling in an area

Answer 10

Chest physiotherapy

Question 11

What does chest PT help
to prevent?

Answer 11

Atelectasis and infection

Question 12

position client to have
gravity assist with clearing secretions

Answer 12

Postural drainage

Question 13

common condition
involving inflammation
of the nasal passages
and throat. It is another
name for the common
cold

Answer 13

Nasopharyngitis

Question 14

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the oropharynx. In most cases, it is caused by an infection, either bacterial or viral.

Answer 14

Pharyngitis

Question 15

management for viral pharyngitis

Answer 15

-warm heat applied to external neck area
-gargling with warm water
-sufficient fluid to prevent dehydration

Question 16

management for Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Answer 16

-10 day course of oral antibiotic
-measure for rest, throat pain and maintenance of hydration
-cold or warm compress to the neck
-warm saline gargles
-cool liquids or ice chips

Question 17

management for tonsillitis

Answer 17

-antipyretic for fever
-analgesic for pain
-10 day course antibiotic
-tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy

Question 18

management for otitis media

Answer 18

-antibiotic (amoxicillin)
-myringotomy and tympanostomy
-acetaminophen to relieve pain
-ice compress on ear
-facilitate drainage

Question 19

congenital narrowing of
the back of the nasal
cavity that causes
difficulty breathing. It is
rare, occurring in
approximately 1 in
7,000 live births, and is
seen more often in
females than in males.

Answer 19

Choanal atresia

Question 20

What are the 2 types of nosebleeds

Answer 20

anterior and posterior

Question 21

which type of nosebleed is more likely to require medical attention

Answer 21

posterior

Question 22

management of epistaxis

Answer 22

-place on upright position with head tilted slightly forward
-apply pressure to the sides of the nose
-epinephrine
-nasal pack may be applied

Question 23

congenital softening of the tissues of the larynx (voice box) above the vocal cords.

Answer 23

Laryngomalacia

Question 24

characterized by a "seal-like barking" cough, stridor, hoarseness, and difficulty breathing, which typically becomes worse at night.

Answer 24

CROUP SYNDROMES

Question 25

inflammation of the vocal fold mucosa and larynx that lasts less than 3 weeks.

Answer 25

Acute laryngitis

Question 26

invasive exudative bacterial infection of the soft tissues of the trachea. In some cases, there is involvement of the subglottic laryngeal structures, extension into the upper bronchial tree, or associated pneumonia.

Answer 26

Bacterial tracheitis

Question 27

management of Bacterial tracheitis

Answer 27

-humidified oxygen -antipyretics -antibiotics -if severe: endotracheal sunctioning

Question 28

small cartilage "lid" that covers the windpipe — swells. The swelling blocks the flow of air into the lungs.

Answer 28

Epiglottitis

Question 29

causes infections of the lungs and respiratory tract. It's so common that most children have been infected with the virus by age 2.

Answer 29

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 30

Treatment for status asthmaticus typically involves the use

Answer 30

nebulized bronchodilators and oral or intravenous corticosteroids. In severe cases, oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation may be necessary.

Question 31

occurs either in the community setting or within the first 48 hours after hospitalization.

Answer 31

Community-Acquired Pneumonia

Question 32

also called nosocomial pneumonia and is defined as the onset of pneumonia symptoms more than 48 hours after admission in patients with no evidence of infection at the time of admission.

Answer 32

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Question 33

chronic dilatation and plugging of the bronchi. It may follow pneumonia, aspiration of a foreign body, pertussis, or asthma. It is a long-term condition where the airways of the lungs become widened, leading to a build-up of excess mucus that can make the lungs more vulnerable to infection.

Answer 33

Bronchiectasis

Question 34

Patients who are immunocompromised commonly develop pneumonia from organisms of _____ virulence.

Answer 34

low

Question 35

refers to the pulmonary consequences resulting from entry of endogenous or exogenous substances into the lower airway.

Answer 35

Aspiration pneumonia

Question 36

difference between viral and bacterial pneumonia

Answer 36

similar symptoms but viral often has a gradual onset while bacterial precent with sudden and severe symptoms

Question 37

imaging technique helps visualize the lungs and identify any abnormalities, such as infiltrates or consolidation, that are characteristic of pneumonia.

Answer 37

Chest X-ray

Question 38

This test measures the levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood, which helps assess the severity of lung function impairment.

Answer 38

Arterial blood gas:

Question 39

This procedure involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera into the airways to visualize them and collect samples if needed.

Answer 39

Bronchoscopy

Question 40

performed for identification of the causal pathogen and prompt administration of antibiotics in patients in whom CAP is strongly suspected.

Answer 40

Blood culture

Question 41

recommended for people with drug-resistant S. pneumoniae

Answer 41

Macrolides

Question 42

used for treatment of the associated cough

Answer 42

Antitussives

Question 43

difference between primary and secondary atelectasis

Answer 43

primary occurs without an apparent cause while secondary occurs in the presence of an existing lung pathology

Question 44

presence of atmospheric air in the pleural space

Answer 44

Pneumothorax

Question 45

list the classifications of pneumothorax

Answer 45

-spontaneous -secondary -traumatic

Question 46

This occurs without known disease or a precipitating factor what type of pneumothorax

Answer 46

Spontaneous pneumothorax

Question 47

This occurs as a complication of a chronic or acute lung disease what type of pneumothorax

Answer 47

Secondary pneumothorax

Question 48

This is caused by blunt or penetrating trauma to the chest what type of pneumothorax

Answer 48

Traumatic pneumothorax

Question 49

How to know whether a mantoux test is postivie or negative

Answer 49

negative - no induration and no redness positve - induration

Question 50

healthcare provider injects a small amount of tuberculin (PPD) under the skin on the forearm. The second visit, 48 to 72 hours later, involves reading the test results by measuring any induration

Answer 50

Mantoux test

Question 51

disorder that damages lungs, digestive tract and other organs. It's an inherited disease caused by a defective gene that can be passed from generation to generation.

Answer 51

Cystic fibrosis

Question 52

When assessing a child for cyanosis, which is important for the nurse to remember? A - Cyanosis is an early indicator of respiratory distress. B - The degree of cyanosis is not an accurate indicator of the degree of hypoxia. C - Cyanosis is caused by a decrease in the depth of respirations. D - Cyanosis will be present if the child has had a large loss of blood volume.

Answer 52

B. The degree of cyanosis is not an accurate indicator of the degree of hypoxia

Question 53

Which is the primary nursing responsibility when a 4-year old child with a tracheostomy tube eats? A - Prevent aspiration of food or fluids into the tube. B - Limit ingestion of too much fluid. C - Foster smooth passage of foods through the tube opening. D - Prevent dyspnea from eating too rapidly.

Answer 53

A. Prevent aspiration of food or fluids into the tube

Question 54

A child is to use an incentive spirometer four times daily. Which statement suggests that the child understands the purpose and correct technique of the procedure? A. “To do this right, I take in a very deep breath.” B. “Using this will help me cough less.” C. “The harder I blow out, the better I am doing.” D. “This will make more room for my heart in my chest.”

Answer 54

A. “To do this right, I take in a very deep breath.”