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Chp 3 Apparatus Safety Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

NFPA for driver qualifications

A

NFPA 1002 Standard for Fire Apparatus Diver/Operator Professional Qualifications (requires FF1 cert)
Aerial is governed by NFPA 1001 Standard for Fire Fighter Professional Qualifiications

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2
Q

Driver abilities

A

Reading: mfg, fire service manuals, maps
Computer: access records, submit reports
Writing: forms, repair requests
Mathematical: solve equations
Fitness: in accordance with NFPA 1500
Visual acuity: NFPA 1582
Hearing: NFPA 1582

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3
Q

Licensing requirements

A

Set by DOT, altered by states
Some require CDL

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4
Q

Driving regulations

A

Federal laws, state vehicle codes, city ordinances, NFPA, and dept policies regulate drivers
Regs are set for ideal conditions, adjust for less than
Can be exemptions for speed, direction and parking
Failure to follow is civil or criminal also for dept
Not exempt from reckless disregard

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5
Q

Reckless disregard

A

Do something dangerous while ignoring possible consequences (worse than negligence)

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6
Q

Negligence

A

Breach of duty by failing to perform at standard of reasonable person
Usually gross violation of laws or policies, DUI

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7
Q

Gross negligence

A

Willful and wanton disregard, DUI

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8
Q

Due regard

A

Not relieved of obligation to operate with due regard for the safety of others

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9
Q

Intersection most likely place of accident

A

note
NIOSH publishes vehicle fatalities report

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10
Q

Situational awareness

A

Perception of ones surrounding environment and the ability to anticipate future events

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11
Q

Collision causes

A

Backing
Reckless driving
Speeding
Lack of skill, experience
Overload and misuse
Mechanical failure
Driver readiness

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12
Q

Reckless driving examples

A

Speeding
Going on soft shoulder
Distracted driving
Ignore weight limits
Tailgating
Not yielding to other EMS
Panic

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13
Q

Brake fade

A

Overheated brakes don’t stop as effectively
Caused by excessive speed
No way to mitigate other than driving well

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14
Q

Lack of driving skill causes

A

Overconfidence in driving ability
Inability to recognize danger (42%)
False sense of security from a good driving record
Misunderstanding apparatus capabilities
Insufficient training

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15
Q

Driver readiness causes

A

Substance abuse
Rx drugs
Personal issues
Death of loved one
Sick
Fatigue

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16
Q

Seatbelts required by

A

NFPA 1901
NFPA 1500
1500 allows backing while loading LDH (only drive forward, no tailboard riding)

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17
Q

Idling diesel engines

A

Wastes fuel
Buildup of carbon in injectors, valves and pistons
May damage engine components and emissions systems

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18
Q

DPF installed after 2007

A

High exhaust system temp indicator
DPF indicator
Manual regen switch
Regen inhibit switch
Clean, no black smoke
Regen: when hot enough dump fuel into exhaust stream to raise exhaust temp

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19
Q

SCR

A

Selective Catalyst Reductant
DEF tank must be full or reduced torque or speed (5 mph)

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20
Q

Shutting down

A

Never do it hot
Idle 3-5 minutes or
Oil film burns onto hot surfaces
Heads and exhaust manifolds damages
Turbo chargers can seize

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21
Q

Breakover angle

A

From rear tires to midpoint of the chassis

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22
Q

Lateral weight transfer

A

Rollover from turning to fast or steep slope
Minimize steering and speed

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23
Q

Axle loading

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A

Affects steering and traction
Weigh to make sure within 7% from side to side and front to back ratings

24
Q

Downhill driving

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A

Use service brake, aux brake and downshifting to control speed but watch rpm

25
Lugging
Too high a gear Causes overthrottling: injecting more fuel than can be burned causing oil dilution, wasted fuel
26
Stopping in snow
3-15x longer Test with brakes away from traffic
27
Driving 10-39
Plan path well ahead Keep big picture: see reaction of motorists Scan the area Visualize an escape rout for collisions Maintain safe distance Make sure others can see and hear you
28
Audible devices
Must completely stop at all intersections with red light 50 mph negates sirens incr 20 mph reduces auidible distance by 250' EMS should travel 300'-500' apart
29
Traffic control devices
Strobe activated Siren activated (blue and white indicator lights) GPS transmitters
30
Passing vehicles
Try not to Stay n fast lane Don't pass on the right Go opposing if you have to Only chief buggies etc. should pass other EMS
31
Visual lead time
The time needed to stop or perform an evasive maneuver at the current speed Look ahead
32
Braking distance
Distance traveled from applying brakes to complete stop
33
Total stopping distance
Reaction time plus braking distance
34
Reaction distance
Distance from seeing something to applying the brake
35
Acceleration skid
Hit gas too hard Don't apply brakes Ease off gas Straighten front wheels
36
Locked wheel skid
Braking too hard Doesn't matter which way the wheels are turned Ease off the brake Straighten the wheels Don't apply clutch
37
Causes of skids
Too fast Not anticipating obstacles Not using aux braking devises Bad tire pressure or tread depth
38
Aux braking systems
NFPA 1901 requires for GVW of 36,000 Exhaust brake Engine compression brake Transmission output retarder Electromagnetic retarder Disable them in bad weather
39
Exhaust brake
Least effective Restricts exhaust airflow to make engine less efficient
40
Engine compression brake
Better with shifting Attached to engine valve train Compresses intake air to create heat Doesn't affect engine temp
41
Electromagnetic retarder
Effective Mounted on driveline or rear axle Electric power goes to coils which resist rotation Dissapate heat with veins, less effective if hot Can be applied in stages
42
Transmission retarder
Effective Transmission fluid is goes into housing, slows the driveline Heats transmission fluid if too hot outside system may shut down
43
Snow chains
Not effective in snow 3-6" deep Or going slow or in reverse
44
ATC
Automatic traction control Like ABS for slippage Transfers engine torque and applies brakes from spinning to non spinning wheels
45
Driver controlled differential lock
On some aerials Locks both wheels to turn at the same rate during slippery conditions Not for every day driving or driving down hill Tires make scrubbing sound
46
Interaxle differential lock
Locks the differential between the two rear axles Can shfit in while moving or not Ease on gas first and don't apply if already spinning
47
Stability control systems
Roll stability control: part of ABS, senses lateral force from turns and applies engine brake then brakes Electronic stability control: applies brakes individually to steer truck the way you are steering Stability system safety: remember these don't improve cornering ability, just correct for rollovers
48
Backing
Park so you don't have to Walk around Use spotters with safety vests, driver side 8-10' back Light up the spotter Use portable radios and hand signals Two blasts of the horn before starting
49
Stowing equipment
Brackets must hold 10x the weight of the equipment
50
Hose chute
Drive 5 mph to deploy 7' of hose/sec
51
Always open drain or bleeder valve before removing intake or discharge caps
Note
52
Tillers are heavier and stop slower
Also less weight on drive axle so traction is less
53
Tiller concerns
Distance of trailer from base of the building Angle of trailer to tractor Overhead clearance Side and rear obstructions Grades and slops of working area
54
Hose loading
Allowed by NFPA 1500 Always drive forward at 5mph Everyone must be trained One member must be safety Close off traffic Don't stand on the apparatus
55
Intersections
Most common place for accidents NFPA 1500 requires full stop and account for all lanes of traffic Make eye contact

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