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BI442—Immunology > Chp 3—Induced innate immunity > Flashcards

Chp 3—Induced innate immunity Flashcards

(87 cards)

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1
Q

induced innate immunity begins…

A

4 hours to 4 days after infection

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2
Q

4 main types of macrophage receptors

A

lectins
scavenger
MARCO
CR3 & CR4

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3
Q

lectins bind…

A

carbs

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4
Q

2 types of lectins

A

Mannose receptor
dectin-1

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5
Q

function of c-type lectins

A

cause Ca+ accumulation

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6
Q

dectin has __ CTLD
mannose receptor has ___ CTLD

A

1
8

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7
Q

scavenger receptors first ID’d by…

A

ability to remove lipoproteins from blood

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8
Q

SR-A function

A

binds lipopeptides (LPS, LTA)

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9
Q

SR-B function

A

binds diacylated lipopeptide

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10
Q

MARCO

A

macrophage receptor with collagenous structure

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11
Q

MARCO shape

A

rod

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12
Q

MARCO function

A

binds LPS

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13
Q

CR3 & CR4 part of _____ class of proteins

A

integrin

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14
Q

CR3 & CR4 function

A

bind iC3b

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15
Q

cytokines produced by macrophage

A

IL-1β
TNF-a
IL-6
CXCL8
IL-12

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16
Q

most important/primary IL

A

IL-1

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17
Q

IL-6 function

A

causes increased temp locally due to muscle contraction

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18
Q

CXCL8 function

A

chemoattractant to WBCs/neutrophils

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19
Q

IL-12 function

A

recruits NK cells

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20
Q

major controller of macrophage gene expression

A

NFKB

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21
Q

NFKB usually inhibited by

A

I𝝹B

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22
Q

effect of a receptor signal on a macrophage

A

removal/destruction of IKB

release of NFKB

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23
Q

NOD-like receptors

location, function

A

Located in the cytoplasm
Recognize components of bacterial cell walls

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24
Q

inflammasome associated with IL-

A

1B

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25
inflammasome produces ______, which...
produces active capsase 1, which cleaves inactive form if IL-1β to produce its active form
26
how do neutrophils differ from macrophages? (6)
not found in healthy tissue are short-lived travel from bone to blood to infected tissues die and form pus have more receptors more antimicrobial granules
27
function of neutrophil adhesion molecules
allow neutrophil to move into tissues
28
adhesion molecules expressed on neutrophil
Vascular addressin (CD34) Integrin LFA-1
29
adhesion molecules expressed on endothelials
ICAM-1, ICAM-2 selectin
30
results in expression of adhesion molecules on endothelials
TNF-𝛼
31
explain rolling adhesion
occurs in healthy conditions - weak selectin-mediated adhesion allows neutrophils to roll along endothelium
32
margination
tight binding between neutrophil and endothelium via adhesion molecules
33
extravasation
diapedesis, in which the neutrophil’s pseudopod pushes through the tight junctions of endothelial cells
34
migration
neutrophil moves into the tissue down the CXCL8 gradient
35
3 phases of neutrophil moving into tissue
margination, extravasation, migration
36
3 types of neutrophil granules
primary/azurophilic secondary/specific tertiary/gelatinase
37
primary granules contain...
myeloperoxidase, lysozyme, defensins, proteases, LPS-binding bacterial permeases
38
sequesters harmful molecules in primary granules when not in use
Proteosulfate matrix
39
secondary granules contain...
lactoferrin, lysozyme, NADPH oxidase
40
flow of oxygen stuff during neutrophil phagocytosis
respiratory burst -- more O2 is consumed NADPH oxidase produces superoxide radicals, harmful to pathogens converted to H2O2 by superoxide dismutase converted to O2 and H2O by catalase neutrophil is killed by harmful O2 species
41
why do neutrophils die?
cannot replenish granule contents damaged by O2 species
42
major pus-forming infections
Staph aureus & Strep pyogenes
43
explain netosis
Nuclei of neutrophils swell & release DNA upon death - embedded in this DNA are defensins, proteases, calprotectin (antifungal) - bacteria become trapped in weblike material and are degraded - also effective against fungi and viruses
44
how do some pathogens escape netosis?
DNAse
45
explain Chronic granulomatous disease
lacking NADPH oxidase cannot get rid of neutrophils accumulation in macrophages causes granuloma
46
responsible for calor (3)
IL-1 + IL-6 + TNF-𝛼
47
2 purposes of fever
restriction of pathogen growth ideal macrophage temp is 42 C
48
IL-1 + IL-6 + TNF-𝛼 effects on liver
increase release of acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, mannose-binding lectin) activates complement
49
IL-1 + IL-6 + TNF-𝛼 effects on marrow
neutrophil mobilization
50
acute phase proteins ()
fibrinogen c-reactive protein mannose-binding lectin
51
classification and general function of CRP
part of pentraxin family - opsonin & complement activator
52
CRP function
activates classical pathway, via C1
53
structure of C1
q, r, s subunits flower shape
54
C1 cleaves...
C4
55
2 flowers
MBL C1
56
MBL part of _____ family
collectin
57
MBL coat...
pathogens which have lectin
58
function of MBL
initiates lectin branch of complement activation
59
proteases part of MBL
MASP 1 & MASP 2
60
when MBL binds mannose...
MASP 1 & MASP 2 cleave one another, and can then cleave C2 & C4
61
complement involved in classical pathway
C4b + C2a on pathogen surface acts as opsonin
62
function of TLRs
recognize microbial products
63
very old proteins with different allotypes
TLRs
64
2 types of TLRs & what they bind
cell-surface: LPS, LTA, zymosan, flagellin, etc endosomal: RNA
65
Altered TLR-4 gene increases susceptibility to...
septic shock
66
classical convertase
C4b2a
67
fibrinogen cleaved by...
coagulase
68
partner to IL-1
TNF-a
69
endosomal TLR responding to RNA
TLR-3
70
TLR-4 binds...
LPS
71
C5 convertase
C3b2Bb
72
4 functions of IFN
Degrade viral DNA Interfere with protein synth Alert other cells to presence of virally infected cell nearby Activate NK cells
73
_____ is made first, and signals synthesis of ______ via paracrine and autocrine
IFN-B IFN-a
74
IFN-B --> IFN-a
interferon response
75
function of RIG-like receptors
Dimerize and bind mitochondrial antiviral proteins (MAVs) - set of a kinase cascade that activates IRF-3 and NF𝝹B
76
RIG-likes lead to synthesis of...
IFN
77
plasmacytoid dendritic cells function
make 1000 times more IFN than other cells
78
plasmacytoid dendritics detect...
detect infection via TLR7 & TLR9 endosomes - activate transcription of IRF7
79
functions of NK cells
Detect & destroy virally infected cells Activage macrophages to produce more inflammatory cytokines and phagocytize viral particles
80
NK-deficient people susceptible to....
viral infections herpes
81
support pregnancy
uterine NK cells
82
NK cells destroy targets via a ________ that forms between them
synapse
83
NK cells release IFN __, which...
IFN-𝛄 promotes phagocytosis by macrophage
84
origin of dendritic cells
monocytes
85
infected dendritics release...
IL-15, which stimulates NK cells to become cytotoxic & proliferate
86
IL-15 function
released by dendritics, stimulating NK cells
87
sentinel role
dendritic cells

BI442—Immunology (8 decks)

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