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BI442—Immunology > Chp 6-8—Exam 3 > Flashcards

Chp 6-8—Exam 3 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

phases 1-3 of b cell development

A
  1. repertoire assembly
  2. negative selection
  3. positive selection
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2
Q

b cell phase in bone marrow

A

repertoire assembly

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3
Q

stages of b cell development within phase 1

A

early pro
late pro
large pre
small pre
immature

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4
Q

VDJ heavy chain rearrangement for b cells occurs in the…

A

late pro B

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5
Q

VDJ rearrangement must provide a functional protein in 3…

A

reading frames

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6
Q

B cell heavy chain chances

A

2 - one chance with each parent’s chromosome

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7
Q

__% late pro B cells fail

A

50

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8
Q

b cell phase where RAG and TdT come in

A

large pre B

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9
Q

expresses heavy chain IgM as pre-Bcell receptor

A

large pre B

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10
Q

first functional pre B heavy chain initiates…

A

allelic exclusion

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11
Q

B cell stage which begins light chain rearrangement

A

small preB

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12
Q

light chain chances vs heavy chain in B cell

A

light chains get multiple chances on same chromosome

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13
Q

___ light chain tested first, 2 tries, then ____

A

kappa
lambda

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14
Q

____% small pre B cells can make a successful light chain

A

85

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15
Q

on the surface of immature B cell

A

IgM

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16
Q

receptor editing and clonal deletion occur in ______ phase of B cells

A

phase 2, negative selection

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17
Q

clonal deletion

A

B cell is eliminated if none of the new light chains succeed

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18
Q

receptor editing function

A

“fixes” immature B cells with autoreactive IgM

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19
Q

only ______ intolerant B cells undergo receptor editing

A

centrally

peripheral - it’s too late

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20
Q

lupus arises from…

A

B cells reacting to intercellular antigens ie DNA

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21
Q

B cells undergo maturation in…

A

primary lymphoid follicle

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22
Q

matured but naive B cells express mostly

A

IgD

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23
Q

location where development into plasma cells occurs

A

medullary cords

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24
Q

centroblast –> centrocyte pathway occurs with…

A

B cells that enter germinal center of secondary lymphoid follicle

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25
centrocytes undergo...
affinity maturation
26
centrocytes that remain in follicle become...
memory cells
27
memory cells express...
IgG
28
double positive
immature T cell has CD4 and CD8 proteins
29
___ chain of TCR is made first, then____
Beta first alpha next
30
thymocyte
uncommitted lymphoid precursor embedded in thymus stroma
31
after 4 days in thymus, thymocyte expresses...
IL-7 receptor
32
thymocyte is double...
negative
33
thymocytes migrate toward _____ and mature
subcapsular epithelium
34
first "fork in the path" for thymocytes
δ:𝛄 receptor or 𝛼:β receptor
35
T cell first checkpoint
Beta chain
36
___ chances for T cell to make a Beta chain
4
37
Beta + pTa =
superdimer
38
_____ leads to CD3 and Zeta expression
superdimer
39
at the end of first checkpoint, T cell is a ...
pre-T cell
40
T cell second checkpoint
Alpha chain
41
at the end of the second checkpoint, T cell is a... with a...
double positive immature T cell with a good TCR
42
stain red
failed immature T cells that die
43
primitive thymus structure present in embryo
thymic anlage
44
positive selection for T cells involves thymic...
cortical epithelial cells
45
ensures survival of T cell in positive selection phase
binds to MHCI or MCHII
46
a T cell failing to bind MHC gets ____ days to make a new TCR before it dies name
3-4 days MHC restriction
47
Lck and TH-POK involved in...
CD4 T cells
48
negative selection eliminates T cells that bind...
too tightly
49
alternative to negative selection after T cell release into circulation
Tregs
50
TdT improves diversity of ___ chain for t cells
Alpha
51
2 ways naive T cells move around
Enter lymph tissue through venule from circulation (HEV) From node to node through lymphatic vessels, entering through middle T-cell area
52
homing
naive T cells attracted to T cell area
53
dendritic cells enter lymph node only through...
afferent duct
54
empty MHC in dendritics before exposure marker
yellow-green
55
MHC on dendrite surface presenting antigen marker
green
56
vesicles containing digesting antigens marker
red
57
vesicles containing MHC + antigen in cell marker
yellow
58
micropinocytosis
phagocytosis of extracellular pathogens, digestion, and loading of antigens into MHCII antigens presented to CD4 cell
59
macropinocytosis
sampling of larger volumes of extracellular fluid to try and capture pathogens, like a fishing net endosomal system allows MHCII presentation rare way for viral antigen to be loaded on MHCII
60
cytosolic system
viral infection MHCI is assembled with viral antigens from immunoproteasome (transported to ER through TAP) presentation is to CD8 cells
61
cross-presentation
loading of antigens normally on MHCII to MHCI instead
62
dendrite fusion
a dendritic cell that’s totally doomed will transfer antigens from its infection to an uninfected dendritic cell, to be presented on MHCI
63
if a T cell recognizes a dendritic's antigen..
LFA-1 changes shape and binds tightly for days
64
matching T-cell + dendritic cell
cognate pair
65
synapse signal 1
T cell binding to dendritic
66
synapse signal 2
B7 (dendritic) binds CD28 (T cell)
67
immunosuppressive drugs interfere with...
IL-2 signalling
68
"survival sign" preventing anergy
IL-2
69
old concept Type 1 CD4:
favors cell response, macrophages TH1
70
old concept Type 2 CD4:
favors B cell response TFH
71
TH1 activate... fight... infections
macrophages intracellular
72
TH17 enhance... acts in...
neutrophil response peripheral tissues
73
TH2 activate... promote...
cellular/antibody response to parasites (granulocytes, IgE) healing
74
TFH activate... fight ...infections migrates to...
B cells fight ALL infections migrate to B cell area
75
2 types of Tregs
Natural regulatory cells - made all the time - provide tolerance to our own tissues Induced regulatory cells - in case of infection - TGF-β induces them
76
requires priming
CD8
77
priming involves MHCI or MHCII?
both
78
T cell cytokines are made when?
upon TCR binding to antigen
79
naive T cells only recognize...
dendritics
80
B7/CD28 not required after...
stimulation to proliferation by IL-2
81
CD8 cytotoxins
granzymes perforin serglycan granulysin
82
granzymes
5 serine proteases can turn proteins in target cell into DNA proteases
83
granulysin
detergent that dissolves membranes
84
CD8 binding --> apoptosis takes ____
5 mins
85
slow, deliberate process
CD40 binding to macrophage
86
CD40 causes... changes in macrophage
phagolysosome fusion becomes more efficient - production of oxygen radicals, nitric oxide, proteases increases
87
linked recognition
many B-cells in vicinity will be presenting different antigens from the pathogen all B-cells presenting different epitopes will be stimulated by soluble cytokines in vicinity
88
___ stimulates B cells to react to sugars, lipids from pathogen
TFH
89
Hep B pathogenesis
unusually high production of TGF-β and Treg activity (wild type; most people) super-resisters fight hepatitis very effectively
90
absence of FoxP3... tx?
leads to attack on gut, skin, endocrine glands stem cell transplant in infancy is the only treatment

BI442—Immunology (8 decks)

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