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ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards > Chp 4 notes > Flashcards

Chp 4 notes Flashcards

1
Q

four energy relationships

A
  1. everything needs energy
  2. when energy is used some of it lost
  3. Cell store energy for whenever they need it
  4. Have to keep energy stores up
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2
Q

What are Autotrophs?
What do Autotrophs do?

A

Producers
Make their own food

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3
Q

What are Heterotrophs?
What do they do?

A

consumer
can’t make their own food

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4
Q

ATP chemicals

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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5
Q

What is ATP

A

Organisms store energy as cards, lipids, & protein

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6
Q

What does ( ate ) mean

A

oxygen

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7
Q

what does (phosph) mean

A

phosphorous

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8
Q

What does triphosphate mean?

A

3 phosphorus surrounded by oxygen

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9
Q

what are cards

A

starch and glycogen

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10
Q

how much can lipids store

A

2x more energy / gram then cards

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11
Q

when does protein come into use

A

last to be used

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12
Q

why is ATP better than protein and lipids and cards

A

Smaller and useable energy
accessed quickly

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13
Q

What are the things that makeup ATP

A

Phosphate - 3 groups
Ribose - 5 carbon sugar
adenine - base found in DNA

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14
Q

what kind of energy is ATP

A

chemical energy

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15
Q

Where is the energy stored in ATP

A

in bonds btwn phosphates

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16
Q

what happens when you break the phosphate bonds

A

releases energy

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17
Q

what happens when you use ATP

A

it turns into ADP
phosphate comes off
you make energy

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18
Q

what does ADP mean

A

Adenosine diphoshpate

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19
Q

how do you make ADP to ATP

A

add a Phosphate (P)

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20
Q

Why can’t ATP be stored?

A

it will break down
its unstable

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21
Q

ATP cycle

A

the cycle of ADP turning back to ATP

22
Q

What do plants need to make sugar

A

water
carbon
sunlight

23
Q

what do plants make?

A

sugar (glucose)
oxygen

24
Q

what is photosynthesis

A

taking light energy and converting it into chemical energy

25
what things use photosynthesis
plants and algae
26
what do plants make but don't need
oxygen
27
what is chlorophyll
green pigment a catalyst for photosynthesis
28
what do plants reflect and absorb
is absorbs blue and red (best way to grow plants) reflects green
29
photosynthesis formula
6H2O+6CO2 --> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
30
what is ribose
its a five-carbon sugar your body makes
31
How to power a light-dependent reaction? what does it make?
water, light oxygen (waste), ATP, NADPH
32
what is NADPH
an electron downer (gives an electron)
33
how many steps does it take to perform photosynthesis? what are the steps called?
2 steps Light-dependent, Calvin cycle
34
how to power a Calvin cycle what does it make
carbon dioxide, ATP, NADPH sugar
35
what happens when you use NADPH
turns into NADP
36
where does photosynthesis take place
happens in the grana of the thylakoid of the chloroplasts (pretty much it happens in the chloroplast)
37
specifically what happens in the Light-dependent cycle phase
chlorophyll absorbs light (red &blue) by photosystems 2 and 1 (PS2 & PS1)
38
what is a photosystem?
a specialized protein to absorb light
39
why does photosystem 2 go before photosystem 1
because PS2 is used first before PS1 (remember that)
40
what happens when the PS2 gets a lot of energy
it puts it into an electron from the chlorophyll, the electron leaves the PS2
41
how do we get new electrons for the PS2?
Water is separated into H (replaces excited electron) and O2 ions
42
What happens to the O2 when the H gets split
The O2 gets exerted (O2 leaves)
43
What does the Electron pass-through
The (E.T.C) electron transport chain
44
What is in the E.C.T where is it located
A series of protein molecules In thylakoid membrane
45
what does the electron make when is passes through the membrane pump
H+ (powers ATP production later)
46
after the electron goes through the first portion of the pump, how does it charged back up
by the PS1
47
when the electron makes it to the end of the E.T.C what happens
The E.T.C give the electron to a NADP to mak it into a NADPH
48
What does the ATP Synthase do with the H+
It make a ADP and convert it to a ATP
49
nickname for Calvin's cycle
Dark reaction
50
what produces does the Calvin cycle depend on from the light dependant?
ATP NADPH CO2
51
what happens CO2 binds with a RuBP
it makes 6-carbon molecules from the enzyme Rubisco

ICHS sophmore gernal flashcards (48 decks)

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