Chpt 6 bio

Question 1

What are body cells
What are they used for in the body

Answer 1

diploids, specialized cells
they make up tissues and organs
( spleen, kidney, eyeballs)

Question 2

what are germ cells?
where are they produced?

Answer 2

reproductive cells
they are produced in the ovaries and testes
(to make eggs and sperm)

Question 3

What are gametes

Answer 3

reproductive cell in an animal or plant

Question 4

What are the gametes in females and male

Answer 4

females: eggs
males: sperms

Question 5

what is the purpose of gametes

Answer 5

sexual reproduction
(fusion of 2 gametes)

Question 6

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
How many individual chromosomes

Answer 6

23 pairs
46 chromosomes

Question 7

What is a homologous pair?
Where do homologous chromosomes come from

Answer 7

XX or YY just 2 of the same alleles
one from the father and the other from he mother

Question 8

Which pairs of chromosomes are the autosomal chromosomes

Answer 8

the first 22 cells

Question 9

which pair of chromosomes are the sex chromosomes

Answer 9

the X and Y cells

Question 10

which sex chromosomes is larger and has more genes

Answer 10

X is larger the Y

Question 11

What genetic make up give you males and females

Answer 11

males: XY
Females: XX

Question 12

What is sexual reproduction?
what is fertilization

Answer 12

the processes of making unique combinations of genes
The fusion of the egg and the sperm

Question 13

what does it mean to be diploid?
where does each set of chromosomes come from in a diploid?

Answer 13

to carry 2 copies of each chromosomes

Question 14

What is meiosis
what does it produce

Answer 14

body cell division
makes gametes

Question 15

what are sister chromitids attached by

Answer 15

centro mere

Question 16

what is the crossing over of chromosomes

Answer 16

exchange of chromosomes segments b/w homologous chromosomes

Question 17

How does mitosis and meiosis differ

Answer 17

Mitosis: 1 division, start with 46chr. end with 46chr, clone, 2 cells
Meiosis: 2 divisions, start with 46 end with 32chr, unique, 4 cells

Question 18

what is gametogensis

Answer 18

production of gametes

Question 19

what allows the sperm to move and make it to the egg

Answer 19

by the flagella

Question 20

what is the main purpose of the sperm during fertilization

Answer 20

to carry DNA for the egg

Question 21

How many fictional sperm are made during spermatogenesis

Answer 21

4 sperm

Question 22

How many funtional eggs are made during oogenesis

Answer 22

1 egg

Question 23

what are polar bodies

Answer 23

cell with a little more DNA

Question 24

What is the difference btwn identical and fraternal twins in terms of genetics and how they from

Answer 24

identical twins is when a mom has one egg and one sperm and some of the bungle of cells splits

fraternal twins are when you have 2 diff eggs and 2 diff sperm

Question 25

why is Mendal important

Answer 25

he was the guy who paved the way for genetic studies

Question 26

what are traits

Answer 26

distinguished characteristics of people

Question 27

what is genetics

Answer 27

study of biological inheritance patterns and variation

Question 28

what do P, F1and F2 mean?

Answer 28

P = parents F1 = the kids F2 = grand kids

Question 29

what traits did Mendal look at why?

Answer 29

height, color because they where either or traits

Question 30

homozygous

Answer 30

2 of same alleles

Question 31

heterzygous

Answer 31

2 diff alleles

Question 32

gene

Answer 32

piece of DNA that makes a cell make a certain protien

Question 33

locus

Answer 33

specific position on a pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 34

allele

Answer 34

alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus

Question 35

genome

Answer 35

all of an organism’s genetic material

Question 36

genotype

Answer 36

genetic make up of something

Question 37

phenotype

Answer 37

physical appearances

Question 38

dominant

Answer 38

the trait that is expressed

Question 39

recessive

Answer 39

allele that is masked unless it has 2 present

Question 40

mono-hybrid cross

Answer 40

one trait is looked at

Question 41

dihybrid cross

Answer 41

2 traites are looked at

Question 42

testcross

Answer 42

cross b/w organism w/unknown genotype

Question 43

law of independent assortment

Answer 43

allele pairs separate independently of each other during meiosis

Question 44

probibility

Answer 44

likelihood of something happening

Question 45

what are 3 ways that the process of meiosis gives genetic variation?

Answer 45

crossing over, law of independent assortment, Random fertilization of gametes

Question 46

what is genetic linkage

Answer 46

genes being inherited