Chp. 8 & 13

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

Biological distinction between females and males

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

Personal traits and social positions that members of society attach to being male or female

Question 3

Primary sex characteristics

Answer 3

Organs used for reproduction, namely, the genitals

Question 4

Secondary sex characteristics

Answer 4

Bodily differences apart from the genitals, that distinguish biologically mature females and males

Question 5

Objectification

Answer 5

The process whereby some people treat other individuals as if they were objects or things, not human beings

Question 6

Gender stratification

Answer 6

Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women

Question 7

Gender roles

Answer 7

Attitudes and activities that a society links to each sex

Question 8

Sexual orientation

Answer 8

Refers to a person’s romantic and emotional attraction to another person.

Question 9

Homophobic

Answer 9

Discomfort over close personal interaction with people thought to be gay, lesbian, or bisexual

Question 10

Intersexual people

Answer 10

Human beings with some combination of female and male characteristics

Question 11

Transexuals

Answer 11

People who feel they are one sex even though biologically they are the other

Question 12

Transgender

Answer 12

Broad concept that refers to appearing or behaving in ways that challenge conventional cultural norms concerning how females and males should look and act

Question 13

Body consciousness

Answer 13

How a person perceives and feels about his or her body

Question 14

Anorexia

Answer 14

A person has lost at least 25% of body weight due to a compulsive fear of becoming fat

Question 15

Bulimia

Answer 15

A person binges by consuming large quantities of food and then purges the food by induced vomiting, excessive exercise, laxatives or fasting

Question 16

Obesity

Answer 16

Individuals are 20% or more above their desirable weight, as established by the medical profession

Question 17

Sexism

Answer 17

The belief that one sex is innately superior than the other

Question 18

Sexual harassment

Answer 18

Comments, gestures, or physical contacts of sexual nature that are deliberate, repeated, and unwelcome.

Question 19

Gender bias

Answer 19

Behavior that shows favoritism toward one gender over the other

Question 20

Pay gap

Answer 20

The disparity between women’s and men’s earnings

Question 21

Second shift

Answer 21

Work outside the home followed by child care and house work

Question 22

Feminism

Answer 22

The support of social equality for women and men, in opposition to patriarchy and sexism

Question 23

Pay equity

Answer 23

The belief that wages ought to reflect the worth of the job, not the gender or race of the worker

Question 24

Instrumentality

Answer 24

Emphasis on tasks, a focus on more distant goals, and a concern for relationship between one’s family and social institutions

Question 25

Expressiveness

Answer 25

Concern for harmony and internal affairs of the family

Question 26

Age stratification

Answer 26

The unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege among people at different stages of the life course

Question 27

Ageism

Answer 27

Prejudice and discrimination against older people

Question 28

Senescence

Answer 28

The natural physical process of aging. The body gradually wears down and we lose our ability to fight off diseases

Question 29

Disengagement theory

Answer 29

The idea that society functions in an orderly way be removing people from positions of responsibility as they reach old age

Question 30

Activity theory

Answer 30

The idea that a high level of activity increases personal satisfaction in old age

Question 31

Euthanasia

Answer 31

Assisting in the death of a person suffering from an incurable disease

Question 32

Bereavement

Answer 32

``` Denial Anger Bargaining/negotiation Depression/resignation Acceptance ```

Question 33

Family

Answer 33

Social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children

Question 34

Family of orientation

Answer 34

The family in which one grows up, consisting of oneself and one's parents and siblings

Question 35

Family of procrearon

Answer 35

The family that one establishes through marriage, consisting of oneself and one's spouse and children

Question 36

Nuclear family

Answer 36

Composed of one or two parents and their children

Question 37

Extended family

Answer 37

Composed of parents and children, as well as other kin

Question 38

Marriage

Answer 38

A legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation, sexual activity, and childbearing

Question 39

Serial monogamy

Answer 39

A person may have several spouse in his or her life, but only one spouse at a time