Chpt 1

Question 0

The study of language and it’s relation to culture.

Answer 0

Anthropological linguistics

Question 1

What are the 4 subfields of anthropology?

Answer 1

1. Archeology
2. Linguistic
3. Physical or biological
4. Cultural anthropology

Question 2

The scientific and humanistic study of human beings.

1. A comparative science
2. A holistic science
3. A humanistic science

Answer 2

Anthropology

Question 3

Judging other cultures from the perspective of ones own culture. The notion that ones own culture is more beautiful, rational, and nearer to perfection than any other.

Answer 3

Ethnocentrism

Question 4

A group of people who depend on one another for survival or well-being as well as the relationships among such people, including their own status and roles.

Answer 4

Society

Question 5

The learned behaviors and symbols that allow people to live in groups; the primary means by which humans adapt to their environment; the ways of life characteristic of a particular human society.

Answer 5

Culture

Question 6

1944- said Anthropology provides a scientific basis for dealing with crucial dilemma of the world today.

Answer 6

Clyde kluckhohn

Question 7

Material remains, dig and discover and then deconstruct the remains.
They look at patterns of contemporary people and also at pyramids.

Answer 7

Archeology

Question 8

Looks at human evolution based on the remains found by archeologist.

Answer 8

Physical anthropology (biological)

Question 9

3 subfields of physical anthropology

Answer 9

1. Human variation
2. Primatology
3. paleoanthropology

Question 10

Race, natural environment, altitude, nutrition and disease

Answer 10

Human variation

Question 11

Primate, chimpanzee, orangoutang, gorilla, barnabas- they look at the similarities and differences.

Answer 11

Primatology

Question 12

The study of human evolution on the basis of fossil records.

Answer 12

Paleoanthropology

Question 13

Looks at the entire communication, focusing on what people say.

Answer 13

Linguistic Anthropology

Question 14

Study language change and how languages are related.

Answer 14

Historical linguistic

Question 15

Structural linguistic, they look at the formal structure Of language. They create records of language to transcribe, they use phonetic symbols.

Answer 15

Descriptive linguistic

Question 16

Language, dialect and varieties accent.

Also deal with social class

Answer 16

Socio-linguistic

Question 17

The study of human thought, behavior, and life ways that are learned rather than genetically transmitted and that are typical of groups of people.

Answer 17

Cultural anthropology

Question 18

Global distribution of people associated with each other by history, kinship, friendship, and webs of mutual understandings.

Answer 18

Ethnoscape

Question 19

The major research tool of cultural anthropology; includes both fieldwork among people in a society and the written results of such fieldwork.

Answer 19

Ethnography

Question 20

Examining societies using concepts, categories, and distinctions that are meaningful to members of that culture.

Answer 20

Emic ethnography

Question 21

Examining societies using concepts, categories and rules derived from science; an outsiders perspective.

Answer 21

Etic ethnography

Question 22

The attempt to find general principles or laws that govern cultural phenomena.

Answer 22

Ethnology

Question 23

Each culture must be understood in terms of the values and ideas of that culture. Each culture should not be judged by the standards of another culture.

Answer 23

Cultural relativism

Question 24

Belief that ones culture is better than all other cultures. Measures other cultures by the degree to which they live up to one's own cultural standards.

Answer 24

Ethnocentrism

Question 25

The dominant groups take action over a minority group. Etc: colonization, slavery

Answer 25

Culture imperialism

Question 26

``` Geographical graduations (No discrete boundaries) continuous variations ``` Continuous vs discontinuous variations Variations exist beyond a few visible superficial traits. Skin color

Answer 26

Clines

Question 27

The actual process of the things moving towards the goal. Unidirectional

Answer 27

Teleology

Question 28

Taxonomy> category > race > rank * emerged in the 17th century among scholars * a deeply embedded ideology ( false belief) often manipulated * about power & privilege * legitimize social inequality as physical indicators of evolutionary rank.

Answer 28

Race

Question 29

How do we acquire human variation (4)process | Darwinian evolution

Answer 29

1. Mutation: source of new gene- characteristic 2. Natural selection: interaction between gene trade & natural environment. 3. Gene flow: interaction of different population - produce off spring 4. Genetic drift: founders effect- the original population is changed bc of natural disaster.

Question 30

Is always getting better- societies, culture, people are developing and getting better. It's seen as a social ladder and everyone is trying to get to the top. High culture

Answer 30

Social evolution

Question 31

Anthropologist who got second hand info. Didn't actually go out and do fieldwork. They worked with sailors, merchants, missionaries, travelers, explores who recorded their experiences in remote areas of the world.

Answer 31

Armchair anthropology

Question 32

First hand local knowledge that anthropologist got.

Answer 32

Methodology

Question 33

Author of nacirema

Answer 33

Horace Miner

Question 34

Study of human biology, history and the learned and shared patterns of human behavior and thought we call culture in order to analyze human groups.

Answer 34

Holistic