Chpt 2 Flashcards
(32 cards)
Something that stands for something else. Central to language and culture.
Symbol
The process of learning to be a member of a particular cultural group.
Enculturation
A set of propositions about which aspects of culture are critical, how they should be studied, and what the goal of studying them should be.
Anthropological theory
A theoretical position in anthropology that held the cultures could best be understood by examining the patterns of child reading and considering their effect on adult lives and social institutions.
Culture and personality
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on recording and examining the ways in which members of a culture use language to classify and organize their cognitive world.
Ethnoscience
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on the relationship between mind and society
Cognitive anthropology
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on understanding cultures by discovering and analyzing the symbols that are most important to their members.
Symbolic anthropology
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on using humanistic methods, such as those found in the analysis of literature, to analyze culture and discover he meaning of culture to its participants.
Interpretive anthropology
The comparison of societies to living organisms.
Function as a whole.
Organic analogy
A theoretical position in anthropology, common in the first half of the 20th century, that focuses on finding general laws that identify different elements of society, show how they relate to each other, and demonstrate their role in maintaining social order.
Functionalism
A theoretical position in anthropology that focuses on the relationship between environment and society.
Ecological functionalism
Shared ideas about the way things ought to be done; rules of behavior that reflect and enforce culture.
Norms
Shared ideas about what is true, right, and beautiful.
Values
A group within a society that shares norms and values significantly different from those of the dominant culture.
Subculture
The culture with the greatest wealth and power in a society that consists of many subcultures.
Dominant culture
A theoretical position in anthropology associated with American anthropologist of her early 20th century hat focuses on providing objective descriptions of cultures within their historical and environmental context.
Product of its own history
Historical particularism
A change in biological structure of life ways of an individual or population by which it becomes better fitted to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Adaptation
The ability of human individuals or cultural groups to change their behavior with relative ease.
Plasticity
A theoretical position in anth that focuses on the adaptive dimension if culture.
Cultural ecology
An object or a way of thinking or behaving that is new because it is qualitatively different from existing forms.
Innovation
The spread of cultural elements from one culture to another.
The actual process: trading, globalization, media
Diffusion
Studied the Inuit Baffin culture/
know as the father of American anthropology.
On the cover of time magazine for being an activist against race.
He encouraged participant observation
Franz Boas
Studied the Trobiand islands in 1914. He ended up staying for 4 years. He established field work rules
Trobiand island magic
Bronislaw Malinowski
They raised their kids cause to increase thought, to ask questions.
Isummasiyuk
Must be cooperative and emotionally restrained
Scolding is considered futile
Inuit children
