Chpt 11: Positive Reinforcement

Question 1

positive reinforcement

Answer 1

has occurred when a response is followed immediately
by the presentation of a stimulus and as a result,
similar responses occur more frequently in future

Question 2

positive reinforcer

Answer 2

stimulus presented as a consequence and responsible for the subsequent increase in responding

Question 3

automatic reinforcer

Answer 3

reinforcement that occurs indepdent of the social mediation of others
ie) get a bug bite, you scratch to relieve itch

Question 4

Unconditioned Reinforcer

Answer 4

stimulus change that functions as reinforcement even though the learner has had no particular learning history
-are products of evolutionary history of a species
ie) food, water, oxygen
AKA PRIMARY/UNLEARNED REINFORCER

Question 5

Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 5

neutral stimuli that begins to function as reinforcers as a result of being paired with other reinforcers (unconditioned or conditioned)
ie) tone being paired with food
AKA SECONDARY/LEARNED REINFORCER

Question 6

Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer

Answer 6

a type of conditioned reinforcer that has been paired with many conditioned and unconditioned reinforcers
ie) token economy system

Question 7

Premack principle

Answer 7

states that making the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior contingent on the occurrence of a low-frequency behavior will function as reinforcement for the low-frequency behavior

ie) “when you finish your homework, you can watch TV”
- see response-deprivation hypothesis

Question 8

Response-Deprivation Hypothesis

Answer 8

model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior based on whether the access to the contingent behavior represented a restriction compared to the baseline level of engagement
-see Premack principle

Question 9

Stimulus Preference Assessment

Answer 9

refers to a variety of procedures used to determine:

a) the stimuli that person prefers
b) relative preference values of those stimulus (high/low)
c) the condition under which those preference values remain in effect
d) presumed value as reinforcers

Question 10

Reinforcer Assessment

Answer 10

refers to a variety of direct, data-based methods used to present one or more stimuli contingent on a target response and then measuring the future effects as reinforcers