Chpt 12: Negative Reinforcement

Question 1

Negative Reinforcement

Answer 1

Stimulus removed (terminated, reduced, postponed) contingent on a response which results in an increase in the future probability of that response

Question 2

Escape Contingency

Answer 2

response terminates an ongoing stimulus

ie) do work for 10 mins, break for 5 (escape from work)

Question 3

Avoidance Contingency

Answer 3

contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentation of a stimulus
ie) ranges outside but you’re inside, put umbrella up prior to leaving, avoid rain on head

Question 4

Discriminated Avoidance

Answer 4

responding in the presence of a signal prevents the onset of a stimulus from which escape is a reinforcer
ie) “if you don’t start your homework in 10 mins, you’ll do it in your bedroom”

Question 5

Unconditioned Negative Reinforcers

Answer 5

stimulus whose removal strengthens B in the absence of prior learning

• usually unpleasant/harmful events
  ie) shock, loud noises, strong pressure against body (headache)

Question 6

Conditioned Negative Reinforcers

Answer 6

previously neutral events that acquire their effect through pairing with an existing (unconditioned or conditioned) negative reinforcer
ie) biker heads home when overcast sky b/c dark clouds are correlated with rain