Chpt. 6

Question 1

repulsion between the sets of valence level electrons surrounding an atom causes these sets to be oriented as far apart as possible

Answer 1

VSEPR

Question 2

negative ion

Answer 2

anion

Question 3

intermolecular attraction resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation of instantaneous dipoles

Answer 3

London dispersion forces

Question 4

amount of heat energy absorbed when a specific quantity of material chances state from liquid to gas

Answer 4

heat of vaporization

Question 5

temperature at which the equilibrium ratio pressure of a liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

Answer 5

boiling point

Question 6

formation of air bubbles in a liquid when subjected to intense vibration

Answer 6

cavitation

Question 7

refers to vibrational waves that are above the range of human hearing

Answer 7

ultrasound

Question 8

formula showing the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound

Answer 8

molecular formula

Question 9

chemical compound whose simplest units are molecules

Answer 9

molecular compound

Question 10

formula that indicates the number and types of atoms presented in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms

Answer 10

structural formula

Question 11

solid consisting of crystals

Answer 11

crystalline solid

Question 12

three-dimensional region around the nucleus that indicates the probable location of an electron

Answer 12

orbital

Question 13

electrons available to be lost, gained, or shared in the formation of chemical compounds

Answer 13

valence electrons

Question 14

mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds the atoms together

Answer 14

chemical bond.

Question 15

double or triple bonds

Answer 15

multiple bonds

Question 16

number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second

Answer 16

frequency

Question 17

temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Answer 17

melting point

Question 18

covalent bond produced by the sharing of one pair of electrons between two atoms

Answer 18

single bond

Question 19

pair of electrons that is not involved in bonding and that belongs exclusively to one atom

Answer 19

lone pair

Question 20

chemical bond resulting from the sharing of electrons between atoms

Answer 20

covalent bonding

Question 21

covalent bond produced by the sharing of two pairs of electrons between two atoms

Answer 21

double bond

Question 22

measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons

Answer 22

electronegativity

Question 23

refers to bonding involving electrons in d orbitals as well as in s and p orbitals

Answer 23

expanded valence

Question 24

energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

Answer 24

lattice energy

Question 25

orbitals of equal energy produced by the combination of two or more orbitals of the same atom

Answer 25

hybrid orbitals

Question 26

molecular shape observed when four atoms are bonded to a single central atom

Answer 26

tetrahedral

Question 27

proposed the existence of temporary dipoles as intermolecular forces

Answer 27

Fritz London

Question 28

dense central core of an atom

Answer 28

nucleus

Question 29

molecule containing only two atoms

Answer 29

diatomic molecule

Question 30

bonding in molecules or ions that cannot be correctly represented by a single Lewis structure

Answer 30

resonance

Question 31

chemical bond resulting from electrical attraction between large numbers of cations and anions

Answer 31

ionic bonding

Question 32

mixing of two or more atomic orbitals of similar energies of the same atom to produce new orbitals of equal energies

Answer 32

hybridization

Question 33

formula in which atomic symbols represent nuclei and inner shell electrons, dot-pairs between two atomic symbols represent electron pairs in covalent bonds, and dots adjacent to only one atomic symbol represent unshared electrons

Answer 33

Lewis structure

Question 34

intermolecular force in which a hydrogen atom that is bonded to a highly electronegative atom is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electron negative atom in a near by molecule

Answer 34

hydrogen bonding

Question 35

ability of a substance to be hammered or beaten into thin sheets

Answer 35

malleability

Question 36

refers to resistance of molecules on surface of a material to being pushed apart

Answer 36

hardness

Question 37

uneven distribution of molecular charge

Answer 37

molecular polarity

Question 38

ability of a substance to be drawn, pulled, or extruded through a small opening to produce a wire.

Answer 38

ductility

Question 39

elements that are poor conductors of heat and electricity

Answer 39

nonmetals

Question 40

neutral group of atoms that are held together by covalent bonds

Answer 40

molecule

Question 41

electrons that move freely about a metal's network of empty atomic orbitals

Answer 41

sea of electrons

Question 42

chemical compounds tend to form so that each atom, by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons, has an octet of electrons in its highest occupied energy level.

Answer 42

octet rule

Question 43

covalent bond produced by sharing of three pairs of electrons between two atoms

Answer 43

triple bond

Question 44

Refers to an electron shared by more than two atoms

Answer 44

De localized

Question 45

Element that is a good conductor of heat and electricity

Answer 45

Metals

Question 46

Material that is capable of transmitting heat and/or electricity readily

Answer 46

Conductor

Question 47

Simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compounds formula can be established

Answer 47

Formula unit

Question 48

Shine characteristic of metals

Answer 48

Luster

Question 49

Energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms

Answer 49

Bond energy

Question 50

Evil but opposite charges that are deprecated by short distance

Answer 50

Dipole

Question 51

Having an uneven distribution of charge

Answer 51

Polar

Question 52

Positive ions

Answer 52

Cation

Question 53

Shatters when dropped or struck with a hard blow

Answer 53

Brittle

Question 54

Indicates the relative numbers of atoms of each kind in a chemical compound by using atomic symbols and numerical subscripts

Answer 54

Chemical formula

Question 55

Electron configuration notation in which only the valence electrons of an atom of a particular element are shown

Answer 55

Electro dot notation

Question 56

Compound composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal

Answer 56

Ionic compound

Question 57

Forces of attraction between polar molecules

Answer 57

Dipole-dipole forces

Question 58

Charged group of covalently bonded atoms

Answer 58

Polyatomic ion

Question 59

Single structures that really are an "average" of two structures

Answer 59

intermolecular force

Question 60

covalent bond in which the bonding electrons are shared equally by the bvonded atoms

Answer 60

nonpolar covalent bond

Question 61

bonding found in compounds that do not contain individual molecules, but instead can be pictured as continuous three-dimensional networks of bonded atoms

Answer 61

covalent network bonding

Question 62

sample in which the particles are arranged in an orderly, geometric, repeating pattern

Answer 62

crystal