Law of conservation of matter
Number and types of atoms on the left side must equal the right side
Explain how to balance h2 + o2 = h20
2h2 + o2 = 2h20
Chemical reactions that give off thermal energy
Endothermic
Chemical reactions that absorb thermal heat
Endothermic
4 factors that affect the rate of reaction
Increased temperature
Increased concentration
Increased surface area (by making proteins smaller)
Catalysts (compound that affects rate of reaction but doesn’t take place in reaction)
4 types of chemical reactions
Combination
Decomposition
Single displacement
Double displacement
Combination
2 or more smaller molecules combine to make one large one
Decomposition
1 larger molecule breaks down into 2 or more smaller pieces
Single displacement
To move and set apart
AB+C=AC+B
Double displacement
2 set apart/change
AB+CD=AC+BD
Acids?
Chemicals that will produce or donate a hydrogen ion(H+)
When they are placed in water they decompose
Bases?
Also called alkalines they are the opposite of acid and they are a compound that provides hydroxide ions(OH-)
Caustic (basic)
Acid + Base =
Salt + Water
The neutral of the pH scale
7-pure water
Explain indicators
It is a compound that changes it’s Mccullar shape based on its acid-base environment and then produces a color change because I can’t absorb different colors
Explain end points
It is the pH value where the indicator changes color
Organic chemistry
Compounds that contain carbon
Hydrocarbons
Molecules that only have hydrogen and carbon
Carbon needs 4 bonds, hydrogen needs 1
1-5 for carbon names
- Meth
- eth
- prop
- but
- pent
6-10 for carbon names
- Hex
- Hept
- Oct
- Non
- Dec
Names for single, double, and triple bonds
Single- alkANE
Double-alkENE
Triple-alkYNE
Isomer
2 molecules of the same compound with a different shape
Cyclo is when a carbon compound is ???
What is the name of the different way scientists draw these
In the shape of a circle
Aromatic compound
Propanoic acid
When there’s an O and OH coming off of a compound
See notes
Alcohols
Have -OH coming off and end in “nol”
Explain how soaps work
Since like dissolves like water alone cannot dissolve fat and grease so when you put soap into the water the nonpolar end of the soup dissolves the nonpolar fat
These large molecules of fat emulsify into small molecules
Polymer
Long chains of repeating chemical structures
Esters
Have O coming off
The rearranging or recombining of atoms or molecules to form new substances
Chemical reaction
