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Engineer > Chptr 16- Intro To Aerial Fire Apparatus > Flashcards

Chptr 16- Intro To Aerial Fire Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

All aerial apparatus should meet the design requirements of NFPA ____, Standard for automotive fire apparatus

A

1901

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2
Q

NFPA ____ groups aerial devices into three basic categories

A

1901
Aerial ladders
Elevating platforms
Water towers

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3
Q

Fire fighting vehicle equipped with a hydraulically operated ladder, elevating platform, or other similar device for the purpose of placing personnel and/or water streams in elevated positions

A

Aerial apparatus

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4
Q

An aerial _________ is unique because it is equipped with one of several varieties of ______ _______.

A

Apparatus, Aerial devices.

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5
Q

General term used to describe the hydraulically operated ladder or elevating platform attached to a specifically designed fire apparatus

A

Aerial device

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6
Q

______ ______ devices may be mounted on a straight chassis in either a rear or mid-mount configuration, or on a tillered trailer.

A

Aerial ladder

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7
Q

Trailer equipped with steerable rear wheels

A

Tillered trailer

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8
Q

Assembly of bracing bars or rods in triangular shapes that form a rigid framework for the aerial device.

A

Aerial ladder truss

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9
Q

The bottom section of the aerial ladder is referred to as the ____ section.

A

Base (or bed)

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10
Q

The section and subsequent sections that extend beyond the base sections are called the ___ sections
Extendable section of ground extension or aerial ladder

A

Fly

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11
Q

Two most common materials for construction of aerial ladders are ___________ ________ ______ and _____.

A

Heat-treated aluminum alloy, steel

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12
Q

The fabricated structural members may be fastened by ______, or the entire truss segment may be ______ (steel) or _________ (aluminum alloy).

A

Rivets, welded, heliarced

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13
Q

The ____ _____ are the lower chords of the aerial ladder to which the rungs, trusses, and other portions of the ladder are attached.

A

Base rails, commonly called beams

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14
Q

___ _____ are the top chords to which the opposite ends of the trussing are attached

A

Top rails, also called the handrails

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15
Q

The _____ are the portions that are attached between the two base rails and are used as steps for personnel on the aerial ladder.

A

Rungs

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16
Q

Rungs with “_________” are stronger than older designs

A

K-bracing

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17
Q

NFPA ____ establishes the number of sections and the minimum reach required of an aerial apparatus.
NFPA ____ establishes requirements for dimensions of sections and structural members of the aerial ladder.

A

1901

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18
Q

Device that transfers the center of gravity of an apparatus and prevents it from tipping as the aerial device, hydraulic lifting boom, gin pole, or A-frame is extended away from the centerline of the chassis.

A

Stabilizer, a.k.a. Outrigger, stabilizing jack

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19
Q

Today, all new aerial devices and virtually all stabilizers are _____________ activated

A

hydraulically

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20
Q

The function of the _________ system is to provide power for operating the various hydraulic components needed to stabilize the apparatus and operate the aerial device

A

Hydraulic

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21
Q

A hydraulic system has four main components.

A

Actuators
Hydraulic fluid
Hydraulic pump
Hydraulic reservoir

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22
Q

_________ ______ is the medium by which the system transmits force.

A

Hydraulic fluid

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23
Q

Force is created on the fluid by a _________ ____.

A

Hydraulic pump

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24
Q

The pump is powered by a ______________ arrangement off the vehicles main engine

A

Power-take-off (PTO)

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25
Q

Hydraulic fluid is practically ______________

The fluid may be under pressures of _____psi or more

A

Incompressible

3,500

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26
Q

Type of tubes and hoses used on hydraulic system

A

Steel tubing and aircraft-type steel-braided lines

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27
Q

Hydraulic hose must be rated to withstand pressures _ times greater than normal operating pressure

A

4

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28
Q

Hydraulic fluid is supplied to components above the rotation point of the turntable through a ____ _________ _________ ______ assembly to permit continuous rotational capability of the device

A

High pressure hydraulic swivel

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29
Q

_____ valves prevent fluid from flowing backward through a component and act as a safety feature in the event that a leak develops in the system

A

Check

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30
Q

______ valves limit the pressure built up in the system, thus preventing damage due to over-pressurization.

A

Relief

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31
Q

Three-way valve on a fire department aerial apparatus that directs oil to either stabilizer control valves or the aerial device control valves.
By blocking the system not in use, the _________ valve acts as an interlock to prevent the stabilization and aerial device systems from operating at the same time.

A

Selector valve, a.k.a. Diverter valve/transfer valve

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32
Q

Hydraulic cylinders used for elevation and telescopic control of the aerial device and for operating the stabilizers are ______ ______.

A

Double acting

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33
Q

______ ______ cylinders are capable of receiving oil under pressure from both sides of the piston so that force can be created in either direction

A

Double acting

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34
Q

_________ ______ convert energy in the system into rotary motion,

A

Hydraulic motors

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35
Q

There are _ rotary motor systems of the aerial apparatus
One _______ the aerial device through a ring and pinion drive
One operates a _____ drive to extend and retract the aerial device

A

Two
Rotates
Winch

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36
Q

(As required by NFPA ____) All manufacturers of aerial devices provide an _________ _________ ____ for use in the event of a failure of the main hydraulic pump
Typically, this pump is ran off of __ ____

A

1901
Auxiliary hydraulic pump
12 volt DC

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37
Q

The use of auxiliary hydraulic pumps should be limited to …

Typically operated for intervals of about _ minute with an equal amount of rest between operations

A

Bedding the aerial device if a main system failure occurs

1

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38
Q

Most modern aerial apparatus are equipped with hydraulically operated ___________.

A

Stabilizers (outriggers)

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39
Q

Hydraulic cylinders used to lift the aerial device from its bed to a working position

A

Hoisting cylinder, aka elevating or lift cylinders

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40
Q

In a hydraulic cylinder, the pivoting end of the piston rod that is connected to the anchor ear by the heel pin

A

Trunnion

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41
Q

Normal hydraulic pressure in the hoisting cylinder is from ___ to _____psi

A

850 to 3000psi

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42
Q

On most new aerial apparatus, _________ _________, which are dual cylinders fitted on the base section, extend the first fly section of the aerial device.

First fly section = second section of the device

A

Extension cylinders

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43
Q

An ______ _____ _________ in fire department jargon may be called the ladder, the truck, the aerial, or sometimes the stick.
-most common type of aerial fire apparatus operated in North America

A

Aerial ladder apparatus

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44
Q

An ______ ______ is a power-operated ladder that allows firefighters to easily ascend and descend between the tip of the ladder and the turntable for fire fighting or rescue operations.

A

Aerial ladder

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45
Q

The primary function of the __________ is to provide rotation of the aerial device.

A

Turntable

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46
Q

In aerial ladders made in North American, the fully extended (working) length ranges from __ to ___ft.

A

50-137ft (15-40m)

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47
Q

The working height for aerial ladders is measured from

A

The ground to the highest ladder rung with the ladder at maximum elevation and extension

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48
Q

Main uses of aerial ladders (4)

A 
Rescue
Elevated master stream
Ventilation
Gaining access to upper levels of an emergency scene
((REV-G))
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49
Q

Aerial ladder apparatus that consists of a tractor power unit and trailer section that contains the aerial ladder, ground ladders, and equipment storage areas. The trailer section is steered independently of the tractor nu the tiller operator

A

Tractor-Drawn Aerial Apparatus (TDA)

A.k.a. Tillered trucks

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50
Q

Driver/operator of the trailer section of a tractor-tiller aerial ladder apparatus

A

Tillered Operator

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51
Q

The tiller’s ability to be __________ may also aid in stabilization of the apparatus when the aerial device is deployed.

A

Jackknifed

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52
Q

IFSTA divides the NFPA classification of elevating platform apparatus into 3 distinct types of aerial devices

A

Aerial ladder platforms (ALP)
Articulating aerial platforms (AAP)
Telescoping aerial platforms (TAP)

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53
Q

Work platform attached to the end of an articulating or telescoping device

A

Elevating platform

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54
Q

Power-operated ladder, usually employing hydraulics, with a passenger-carrying device attached to the end of the ladder

A

Aerial ladder platform

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55
Q

An elevating platform equipped with piping systems and nozzles for elevated master stream operations. ___________ ______ _______ are not meant to be climbed and are equipped with a small ladder that is to be used only for escape from the platform in emergency situations

A

Telescoping aerial platform

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56
Q

Aerial device that consists of two or more booms that are attached with hinges and operate in a folding manner.
A passenger-carrying platform is attached to the working end of the device.
Enables platform to go “up and over” ; esp useful during rescue operations

A

Articulating aerial platform

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57
Q

An elevated platform ________ ______ is required so that the platform’s position is horizontal to the ground at all times

A

Leveling system

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58
Q

The required minimum floor area of a platform

A

14 square feet

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59
Q

Each platform must have a rail completely enclosing the floor area with no opening under the railing greater than __”

A

24”

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60
Q

Current standards on platforms call for ______ swinging doors

A

Inward

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61
Q

A _________ is required at floor level and should be _” high.
This _________ prevents the firefighter’s feet from sliding off the platform in case of a slip or fall.

A

Kick plate, 4”

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62
Q

All elevating platforms are required to have _ operator control stations, 1 @ street level and 1 in the platform

A

2

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63
Q

Which controls are able to override the other set of controls?

A

Controls @ street level must be able to override the platform controls

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64
Q

A ____ ______ is built in to protect firefighters on the platform from radiated heat.

A

Heat shield

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65
Q

NFPA ____ requires that a protective _____ ___ _______ be provided on the bottom of the platform, flowing at least __ gpm.

A

1901
Water fog curtain
75

66
Q

All elevating platforms must have a minimum load capacity of ___ lbs when the aerial device is fully extended, at any elevation within its normal range of motion, without water in the piping system.

With water in the system, this load requirement drops to ___ lbs.

A

750

500

67
Q

The water delivery system of an elevated platform must be capable of discharging at least ____gpm at ___psi NP when the aerial device is in any position.

A

1000

100

68
Q

Elevating platforms that are ___ft or shorter should be able to be raised from the bedded position to the maximum elevation and extension and be rotated 90 degrees in ___ seconds or less.

A

110

150

69
Q

There is no time requirement for elevating platforms taller than ___ft

A

110

70
Q

All aerial platforms must contain a ______ __________ _____ to attach fall protection equipment

A

Safety attachment point

71
Q

______ _______ _______ apparatus feature a work platform attached to the end of the aerial ladder.
This design combines the safety of working from a platform with a climbable aerial ladder, commonly ranging in __ to ___ft.

A

Aerial ladder platforms (ALP)

85 to 110 ft

72
Q

What is the most common aerial ladder platform apparatus in service today is the

A

Straight chassis, three-axle vehicle with rear mounted aerial device.

73
Q

___________ _______ _________ are not intended for climbing
Common sizes range from __ to ___ ft.
-have 2 more more sections and are made of either ___ ____ construction or _______ _____ ____ construction

A

Telescoping aerial Platforms (TAP)
75 to 100
Box beam
Tubular truss beam

74
Q

A mechanically applied rivet used in the construction of some aerial devices

A

Huck bolt

75
Q

In ____________ ______ ________, the boom sections are connected by a hinge, folding and unfolding like an elbow, instead of telescoping into each other.

A

Articulating Aerial Platforms (AAP)

76
Q

Additional benefit of ____________ ________ _________ is that the assembly enables the platform to go “up and over” into areas that are not accessible with a straight line apparatus.
These range from __ to __ ft

A

Articulating Aerial Apparatus (AAP)

55 to 85ft

77
Q

Combination aerial devices range from __ to ___ ft

A

90 to 174

78
Q

Aerial device primarily intended for deploying an elevated master stream, not for climbing is called _____ _____
Common sizes for these devices __ to ___
Capable of flows from ____ to ____gpm

A

Water tower
50 to 130
1000 to 1500

79
Q

What features must an apparatus have to be considered a quint?
NFPA ____ establishes features that an apparatus must have in order to qualify as a quint

A 
Water tank
Fire pump
Aerial device or elevated platform
Ground ladders
Supply and attack hoses
(WFAGS) (with fags)

1901

80
Q

On most aerial devices the ____, ______, & _____ (if present) sections of the aerial device are extended and retracted by a system of cables and pulleys.
Aerials using main cable drum may be powered ___________, _____________, or _______________ depending on the make of the apparatus

A

Third, fourth, fifth

Mechanically, hydraulically, electronically

81
Q

Rotational structural component of the aerial device

-primary function to provide continuous rotation on a horizontal plane.

A

Turntable

82
Q

Most control pedestals have _ separate levers used to control _________, ________, and _________. In that order from ____ to ____

A

3
Elevation
Rotation
Extension

Right to left

83
Q

A safety device that prevents a component from functioning when another component is functioning
- required by NFPA ____

A

Interlock device

1901

84
Q

Examples of interlock devices

A 
Stabilizer/aerial functioning
Body cab collision
Rotation interlock (short jack)- aerial device will not rotate over the side that stabilizers are not fully deployed
Maximum elevation slow down- slows down before maximum extension/elevation
Cab interlock- can not lift cab while engine is running
85
Q

Two types of pre-piped waterway systems

A

Bed ladder systems

Telescoping waterway systems, most common type.

86
Q

Nontelescoping section of pipe attached to the underside of the bed section of the aerial ladder for the purpose of deploying an elevated master stream.
Usually 3 or 3.5”
May be operated from the ground through the use of ropes

A

Bed ladder pipe

87
Q

Most modern aerial ladders are equipped with ___________ _________
Minimum internal diameter of these piping systems _”
Most are capable of flows up to ____gpm

A

Telescoping waterways
4”
1000

88
Q

Some telescoping pre-piped waterway systems allow the operator to secure or ___ the master stream monitor to two locations along the device (Sanibel)
Ladder must be fully retracted and waterway uncharged before the operator adjusts the ___ locations.

A

Pin

89
Q

Main components of detachable ladder pipe are

A

Fire hose
Ladder pipe
Hose straps
Siamese application

90
Q

Detachable ladder pipes are limited to ___gpm or less using a 3” or 3.5” hoseline

A

750

91
Q

A twisting action or an applied force resulting in a rotation twist

A

Torsional stress

92
Q

Hose appliance that has two or more female inlets and a single male outlet
-has clapper valves

A

Siamese Appliance

93
Q

Hose appliance with one female inlet and two or more male outlets

A

Wye

94
Q

Counterforce directed against a person holding a nozzle or device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged.

A

Nozzle reaction

95
Q

Detachable Ladder pipe appliances restrict the sideways movement of the nozzle to about __ degrees either side of center

A

15

96
Q

_________ ________ waterway system is when the nozzle is located in the platform, rather than being at the end of the ladder.

A

Elevating platform

97
Q

Flows up to ____gpm are possible on elevating platform waterway systems

A

2000

98
Q

Piercing nozzle at the end of a water tower aerial device can flow up to ___gpm

A

300 gpm

99
Q

Ff’ers in the platform must be able to communicate with the aerial operator. This system must be “_____-____” at the tip of the ladder or in the platform.
Transmitter/receiver at the aerial operator position does not have to be a _____-____ type unit.

A

Hands-free

100
Q

NFPA ____ requires a two-way communication system on all aerial device apparatus.

A

1901

101
Q

Fixed _________ ___ _______ allow one or more ff’ers operating at the tip of the aerial device to breathe clean air without the need to don a standard scba

A

Fixed breathing air system

102
Q

Standard on breathing air quality for emergency services respiratory protection

A

NFPA 1989

103
Q

__________ are the most common power source used for emergency services and can be portable or fixed to the apparatus

A

Generators

104
Q

Advantages & disadvantages of inverters

A

Efficiency
Low or non existent noise

Disadvantages- small capacities, limited mobility from the vehicle

105
Q

________ ___________are extremely useful when electric power is needed in an area that is not accessible to the vehicle-mounted system

A

Portable Generators

106
Q

_______-_______ generators usually have larger capacity than a ________ generator

A

Vehicle-mounted

Portable

107
Q

Device designed to protect against electrical shock; when grounding occurs, the device opens a circuit to shut off the flow of electricity.

A

Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)

108
Q

Common recommended lengths for electrical power cords should not exceed ___ft per reel or cord.

A

200

109
Q

________ _____ may be used when multiple electrical connections are needed.
Can be both 110v and 220v

A

Junction boxes

110
Q

The most commonly used tools on aerial apparatus are the _________ ___________ ______.
The 4 types include

A 
Hydraulic powered extrication tools.
Spreaders
Shears
Combination spreader/shears
Extension ram
111
Q

Hose distances of ___ft or greater from the hydraulic pump may have a negative effect on tool operation.

A

100

112
Q

Minimum requirement for ground ladders to be carried on aerial apparatus

A

Attic ladder
Roof ladder
Extension ladder

113
Q

Many fire agencies choose to carry an extension ladder that is __ft or longer to reach 4th or 5th story windows that are not accessible with the main aerial device.
This type of ladder is called “____” ladders

A

40

Pole

114
Q

Two common type of mechanical means to supplement the natural flow of smoke, heat, and gases from a fire building

A 
Exhaust fans (smoke ejectors)
Positive pressure blowers
115
Q

____ ________ are placed in window, door, or roof openings for drawing out heat, smoke, gases by creating a lower pressure inside the fire building

A

Smoke ejectors

116
Q

________ ________ vent fans are used to increase the air pressure in a structure and thus force out the by-products of combustion.

A

Positive pressure

117
Q

Loss control activities include

A

Safe driving skills
Water application techniques
Salvage and overhaul

118
Q

NFPA ___ requires that aerial apparatus to be equipped with multiple _______ ______ and _ scoop shovels to assist with salvage and overhaul efforts.

A

1901
Salvage covers
2

119
Q

Since the tiller axel is a steering axel, steering wheel free play should not exceed _” on a __” wheel or __ degrees on any other sized wheel.

A

2
20
10

120
Q

Most tiller steering systems can be locked in the ________ ahead position by use of a pin/lever for maintenance so that a single driver can transport the apparatus

A

Straight

121
Q

All tractor drawn aerials have ____________ mounted coupling systems attaching the “trailer” to the “tractor” power unit.
This coupling needs sufficient lube

A

Permanently

122
Q

If the hydraulic cylinders are ________, the reservoir will read as lower than normal.

A

Deployed

123
Q

During visual inspection of the ladder, is recommended that it is in the ________ position.

A

Extended

124
Q

_____________ driver/operators should not rotate and extend the device at the same time.

A

Inexperienced

125
Q

Some apparatus automatically transfer to aerial mode once the _____________ have been properly set

A

Stabilizers

126
Q

Operating a hydraulic pump without allowing flow through the system; this generates a tremendous heat and pressure and can damage components.

A

Deadheading

127
Q

EPU stands for

A

Emergency power unit

128
Q

Apparatus tests are grouped into two basic categories

All tests should conform to NFPA 1901 and NFPA 1911

A

Preservice tests

Service tests

129
Q

_______ tests are conducted on at least a ______ basis while the apparatus is in service

A

Service

Yearly

130
Q

______________ testing is conducted every _ years, after accidents, when the aerial device has been subjected to unusual stresses and loads, and following major repairs and overhauls.

A

Nondestructive

5

131
Q

The piping that goes through the turntable is equipped with a continuous ______ _____ that allows for 360 degree rotation while _______ _____. Pg 568

A

Swivel joint

Flowing water

132
Q

NFPA ____ establishes the number of sections and minimum reach required of an aerial apparatus

A

1901

133
Q

Engineers have proven that trusses lend more strength if their assembled members form ________.

A

Triangles

134
Q

A properly designed _____ permits tension and compression stresses to be distributed over the length of the ladder for maximum strength with minimum weight.

A

Truss

135
Q

The _________ ________ supplies the hydraulic fluid that is moved in and out of the system

A

Hydraulic reservoir

136
Q

The ________ allows air, heat, and foreign matter to be eliminated from the fluid before it is reintroduced into the hydraulic system

A

Reservoir

137
Q

______ start, stop, regulate, and direct the flow of fluid to control pressure in the system

A

Valves

138
Q

______________ valves prevent unintentional or undesirable motion of the device from its established position.

A

Counterbalance

139
Q

_________ _________ convert energy in the system into linear mechanical force or motion when pressurized hydraulic oil is directed into a chamber created by fitting a piston into a cylindrical barrel

A

Hydraulic cylinders

140
Q

The ________ transforms power into mechanical force.

A

Actuator

141
Q

All auxiliary hydraulic pumps should be tested regularly according to manufacturer’s recommendations or in accordance with NFPA ____

A

1911

142
Q

Many new hoisting cylinders are equipped with ________ safety valves that lock and hold oil in the cylinder in the event of a leak or a blowout.

A

Integral

143
Q

Turntable _____ should be inspected regularly for wear

A

Bolts

144
Q

Some aerial devices, particularly water towers, telescoping aerial platforms, and articulating aerial platforms, feature a single “_______” type of control, capable of making all 3 aerial device movements.

A

Joystick

145
Q

These 2 types of aerial devices may have ladder control stations located on the rear of the apparatus

A

Water towers

Small quints

146
Q

The ______ and _______ allow various sections of the aerial device to extend and retract without causing excessive wear on other parts of the device that come in contact with each other during operation.

A

Slide and rollers

147
Q

The top sections of many aerial devices are extended and retracted by ______ and _______

A

Cables and pulleys

148
Q

Which type of interlock devices prevents the aerial device from moving into regions where it could make contact with the body or cab?

A

Body collision interlock

149
Q

Which interlock device prevents the cab from rising if the engine is running?

A

Cab interlock

150
Q

Bed ladder systems are mostly found on _____ aerial systems

A

Older

151
Q

Ladders that are ___ft or shorter and equipped with a telescoping water system have piping that extends directly to the tip of the fly section.

A

110

152
Q

Always ensure there is no ________ in the waterway before changing the pin location. Always _______ pre-piped monitors before charging with water or they can launch pipe sections through the air.

A

Pressure

Anchor

153
Q

The detachable ladder pipe is designed to be clamped to the top ___ rungs of the fly section.

A

Two

154
Q

Some water towers are equipped with _____ _______ and ______ _______ at the tip of the aerial device

A

Video cameras

Thermal imagers

155
Q

NFPA ____ establishes the requirements to annually test the breathing air system and the quality of stored air.

A

1911

156
Q

The driver should inspect power cords _____ for damage to the insulation or connections.

A

Daily

157
Q

Unlike tractor suspension systems, tiller systems have ___ ___ suspensions that require additional attention during inspections.

A

Air bags.

158
Q

Operational inspection of the aerial device serves two purposes;
Ensure the aerial device is in ……
Second benefit is it serves as….

A

Proper working order

A review of the aerial device operation to the driver

159
Q

______________ testing- method of testing metal objects that does not subject them to stress related damage.

A

Nondestructive

160
Q

NFPA ____ establishes minimum performance requirements for placing an aerial ladder in service from its transport position.

A

1901

Engineer (8 decks)

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