Chr. 8 - Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
[8.1] What are the pectoral girdles?
A structure attaching upper limbs to the axial skeleton, composed of two bones - the clavicle and the scapula.
[8.1] Describe the a clavicle?
A long bone laying horizontally across the anterior thorax that articulates with the sternum medially and the scapula laterally.
[8.1] List the prominent features of the clavicle, their location, and their functions.
The conoid tubercle, found on the inferior surface of lateral end, serves as attachment for the conoid ligament.
The impression for the costoclavicular ligament, found on inferior surface of sternal end, serves as attachment for the costoclavicular ligament.
[8.1] Describe the scapula.
Large triangular flat bone on the superior part of the posterior thorax.
[8.1] List the prominent features of the scapula, their location, and their functions.
The spine, runs diagonally across posterior surface, ends in flattened process called acromion.
Acromion, projects at superior lateral edge of scapula, forms acromioclavicular joint.
Glenoid cavity, inferior of acromion, articulates with humerus to form glenohumeral joint.
[8.2] How many bones compose each upper limb?
30 on each side, total of 60.
[8.2] Describe the humerus.
Long bone, largest and strongest, most proximal to scapula.
[8.2] List the features of the humerus and their function.
- Head, articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula.
- Anatomical neck, former site of epiphyseal growth.
- Greater tubercle, lateral projection distal of anatomical neck.
- Lesser tubercle, anterior projection.
- Intertubercular sulcus, allows passage of tendon and nerve.
- Surgical neck, constriction distal of tubercles.
- Body, normal bone function.
- Deltoid tuberosity, point of attachment for deltoid.
- Radial groove, contains radial nerve.
- Capitulum, projection articulating with radius.
- Radial fossa, depression above capitulum that articulates with radius during flexion.
- Trochlea, articulates with ulna.
- Coronoid process, anterior depression articulating with ulna during flexion.
- Olecranon fossa, posterior depression articulating with ulna during extension.
- Lateral and medial epicondyle, serve as attachment for tendons.
[8.2] Describe the ulna.
One of two long bones of the forearm, located medial.
[8.2] List prominent features of the ulna, and describe their function.
- Olecranon, forms prominence of elbow.
- Coronoid process, articulates with trochlea of humerus.
- Trochlear notch, forms part of elbow joint.
- Radial notch, articulates with radius.
- Ulnar tuberosity, attaches tendon of biceps.
- Styloid process, provides attachment to ulnar collateral ligament.
[8.2] Describe the radius.
Smaller, lateral bone of the forearm.
[8.2] List prominent features of the radius and their function.
- Head, articulates with capitulum of humerus.
- Radial tuberosity, point of attachment for tendons.
- Styloid process, lateral process on distal head.
- Ulnar notch, articulates with ulna at distal head.
[8.2] What is the interosseous membrane in relation to the forearm?
Broad flat sheet of fibrous connective joining the radius and ulna along the shafts.
[8.2] What are the two joints in the forearm?
The proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radioulnar joint.
[8.2] What is the radiocarpal joint?
The articulation between the radius and three carpals - the lunate scaphoid, and the triquetrum.
[8.2] Describe the carpus.
Proximal region of the hand consisting of eight small bones joined by ligaments in intercarpal joints.
[8.2] List the carpal bones from lateral to medial and which row they inhabit.
Scaphoid, first row
Lunate, first row
Triquetrum, first row
Pisiform, first row
Trapezium, second row
Trapezoid, second row
Capitate, second row
Hamate, second row
[8.2] Describe the metacarpals.
Bones of the palm consisting of a base, shaft, and distal head and labelled I - V lateral to medial.
[8.2] Describe the phalanges.
Bones of the digits labelled proximal, middle, and distal except for the pollux which has distal and proximal.
[8.3] What is the pelvic girdle?
A structure composed of two hip bones, different from the bony pelvis.
[8.3] What is the pubic symphysis?
The joint connecting the anterior portions of the hip bones.
[8.3] Describe the bony pelvis.
A ring structure composed of the hip bones, the pubic symphysis, the sacrum, and the coccyx.
[8.3] What is the ilium?
Largest component of the hip bone composed of a superior wing and inferior body.
[8.3] List the features of the ilium.
- Acetabulum, socket for head of femur.
- Iliac crest, superior border of ilium.
- Anterior superior iliac spine, ending of the iliac crest
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
- Posterior inferior iliac spine.
- Iliac fossa, provides attachment for tendon of iliacus.
- Iliac tuberosity, provides attachment for sacroiliac ligament.
- Auricular surface, articulates with sacrum.
- Arcuate line, ridge.
