Chromosome and Karyotype

Question 1

Each chromosome is a part of a pair –>

Answer 1

one from mom & one from dad

Question 2

Homologous chromosomes are:

Answer 2

• same size
• same centriomes positions
• same genes

Question 3

Versions of the genes (alleles); don’t…

Answer 3

have to be the same (hair colour, eye colour, etc)

Question 4

Humans have how many pairs of homologous chromosomes?

Answer 4

23 pairs

Question 5

22 pairs of homologous chromosomes are

Answer 5

autosomes

Question 6

1 pair of homologous chromosomes are

Answer 6

sex chromosomes
Girl Xx
Boy XY

Question 7

what is a karyotype?

Answer 7

picture of all 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes

Question 8

in a karyotype how are the chromosomes lined up?

Answer 8

big to small 1-22 then 23rd pair

Question 9

Diploid

Answer 9

• contains 2 sets of chromosomes
• 1 from mom and 1 from dad
• 2n= 46

Question 11

haploid

Answer 11

• contains 1 set of chromosomes
• humans= 23 chromosomes= N
• sperm & egg

Question 12

reduction division

Answer 12

makes gametes (sex cells), each have 23 chromosomes

Question 13

meiosis is necessary for…

Answer 13

sexual reproduction

Question 14

two divisions:

Answer 14

meiosis I then meiosis II

Question 15

all cells in your body are

Answer 15

diploid

Question 16

sex cells are

Answer 16

haploid

Question 17

begin cell division with

Answer 17

interphase (G1, S, G2)
- replicate and copy DNA and chromosomes

Question 18

meiosis–>

Answer 18

making gametes–>sperm & egg

Question 19

spertmatogenesis

Answer 19

making sperm

Question 20

In testes –>

Answer 20

cells will go through meiosis –> sperm

Question 21

sperm matures in the

Answer 21

epididymus

Question 22

sperm development begins at birth and ends at

Answer 22

death

Question 23

potential of millions of sperm made when?

Answer 23

everyday

Question 24

Oogenesis-

Answer 24

making eggs

Question 25

in ovaries -->

Answer 25

cells will go through meiosis --> eggs

Question 26

make 1 big egg cell =

Answer 26

haploid = 23 chromosomes

Question 27

3 polar bodies

Answer 27

very little cytoplasm --> dry up --> 1

Question 28

Follicles

Answer 28

craters withing the ovary where the eggs develop --> 400,000

Question 29

women release about how many eggs in a lifetime?

Answer 29

400 eggs

Question 30

chromosomal mutations involve changes in the whole

Answer 30

chromosome

Question 31

chromosomal mutations may change the number of

Answer 31

chromosomes or even number of genes on the chromosome

Question 32

Chromosomal mutations are caused by

Answer 32

mutagens, heredity, errors in meiosis, etc.

Question 33

nondisjunction

Answer 33

failure of chromosomes to seperate properly

Question 34

what does nondisjunction cause?

Answer 34

aneuploidy-abnormal chromosome #

Question 35

trisomy

Answer 35

extra chromosome

Question 36

monosomy

Answer 36

missing chromosome

Question 37

down syndrome

Answer 37

extra #21

Question 38

turner's syndrome

Answer 38

missing sex chromosome XO= female

Question 39

Klinefelter's syndrome

Answer 39

extra sex chromosome XXY = male

Question 40

how many chromosomes are present (replicated)? [interphase]

Answer 40

10

Question 41

how many chromatids are present after DNA replication? [interphase]

Answer 41

20

Question 42

what is a gene?

Answer 42

a segment of DNA info that codes for a trait

Question 43

where is a gene located?

Answer 43

DNA (chromosome)

Question 44

Every gamete has 2 sets of genes. Where do these genes come from?

Answer 44

mom & dad

Question 45

what is a gamete?

Answer 45

sex cell

Question 46

the goal of meiosis is to ______ the 2 sets of genes so that each gamete (sex cell) contains just one set of ______

Answer 46

separate chromosomes

Question 47

This way, in fertilization, when the sperm meets the egg, we end up with

Answer 47

2 complete sets of genes

Question 48

Chromosomes from the father that correspond and match chromosomes from the mother are called ______

Answer 48

homologous chromosomes

Question 49

Chromosomes carry

Answer 49

many different genes

Question 50

Homologous chromosomes carry the same types of _______

Answer 50

genes

Question 51

but the trait on the father's chromosomes may be different than the trait on the chromosome

Answer 51

from the mother's

Question 52

a cell that contains both sets homologous chromosomes is said to be ______, meaning ______ sets

Answer 52

- diploid - 2

Question 53

a gamete that contains a single set of genes is said to be _____ meaning ______ set

Answer 53

- haploid - 1

Question 54

what is the diploid number?

Answer 54

46= 2n

Question 55

what is the haploid number?

Answer 55

23 = n

Question 56

after meiosis I there are ______ new cells w/ ______ chromosomes of the original cell

Answer 56

-2 -5

Question 57

two ______ cells results with sets of chromosomes and alleles that are ______ from each other and different from the OG diploid cell

Answer 57

- haploid - different

Question 58

how does crossing over result in new combinations of alleles?

Answer 58

more variety of genes

Question 59

at the end of meisosis II there are ______ new cells each with ______ the chromosome of the original cell

Answer 59

-4 -1/2

Question 60

what are 2 events in meiosis that are the most responsible for the genetic variety found in gametes?

Answer 60

crossing over independent assortment