Unit 5 review

Question 1

what is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy that is stored in glucose?

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

what are the carriers for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis?

Answer 2

NADH

Question 3

if oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by _

Answer 3

fermentation

Question 4

Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis.

Answer 4

pyruvic acid

Question 5

How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started?

Answer 5

2

Question 6

since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET gain of

Answer 6

2 ATP’s

Question 7

chemical equation for cellular respiration

Answer 7

C6H12O6+ 6O2-> ^CO2+6H2O+ energy

Question 8

how are photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?

Answer 8

products of one become the reactants of the other

Question 9

what is the sequence of cellular respiration?

Answer 9

Glycolysis –> Krebs cycle –> electron transport chain

Question 10

where do the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up following the Krebs cycle

Answer 10

they become part of a carbon dioxide molecule and end up in the atmosphere

Question 11

because cellular respiration requires oxygen it is said to be _

Answer 11

aerobic

Question 12

how many ATP molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration

Answer 12

36

Question 13

what is produced in the Krebs cycle

Answer 13

ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2

Question 14

what molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?

Answer 14

oxygen

Question 15

the movement of which ion across the membrane from the intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to spin and make ATP?

Answer 15

H+ ions

Question 16

what stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Answer 16

Electron transport

Question 17

what happens as the electrons pass down the electron transport chain

Answer 17

energy from H+ ions crossing back into the matrix causes ATP synthase to make ATP

Question 18

if oxygen is present what will happen to the NADH produced in Kreb’s cycle

Answer 18

its electrons will enter the electron transport chain

Question 19

name the 6 carbon molecule that forms when Acetyl- CoA joins its 2 carbon molecule to a 4 carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle

Answer 19

citric acid

Question 20

explain why the enzymes for electron transport are located in bacteria if they don’t have internal membranes

Answer 20

glycolysis –> fermentation

Question 21

since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be _

Answer 21

anaerobic

Question 22

which high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP?

Answer 22

NAD+

Question 23

equation for alcoholic fermentation

Answer 23

pyruvic acid + NADH –> CO2 +NAD+ + alcohol

Question 24

equation for lactic fermentation

Answer 24

pyruvic acid + NADH –> NAD+ + lactic acid

Question 25

yeast use this to make bread dough rise

Answer 25

alcohol

Question 26

your muscle cells use this during rapid exercise when oxygen is low

Answer 26

lactic acid

Question 27

bacteria and yeast use thus to make beer and wine

Answer 27

alcohol

Question 28

bacteria use this to make cheese, yogurt an sour cream

Answer 28

lactic acid

Question 29

if alcohol fermentation is used to make bread dough rise, how come you don't become intoxicated when you eat the bread?

Answer 29

alcohol burns off in the oven

Question 30

what is a 6 carbon molecule that is produced first when acetyl- CoA joins with a 4 carbon molecule to enter the Krebs cycle

Answer 30

citric acid

Question 31

what is the process of splitting a glucose molecules into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

Answer 31

glycolysis

Question 32

the molecule is used by cells to store and transfer energy is _

Answer 32

ATP

Question 33

Glycolysis happens outside the mitochondria in the _

Answer 33

cytoplasm

Question 34

what happens when oxygen is present and includes glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport chain

Answer 34

cellular respiration

Question 35

this describes a process that requires oxygen

Answer 35

aerobic

Question 36

This high energy electron carrier produces fewer ATP's than NADH as electrons pass through the electron transport chain because it enters farther down the chain

Answer 36

FADH2

Question 37

this atmospheric gas is required for aerobic respiration

Answer 37

oxygen

Question 38

This describes a process that does not require oxygen, it means without air

Answer 38

anaerobic

Question 39

Type of fermentation used by human muscles in lo oxygen conditions and microorganisms to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and kimchi

Answer 39

lactic acid

Question 40

as electrons pass down the electron transport chain H+ ions build up in the _ space

Answer 40

inter membrane

Question 41

the _ cycle breaks down pyruvic acids into carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP

Answer 41

kreb's

Question 42

the NADH and FADH2 produced during the Krebs cycle pass their electrons down the _ chain to produce ATP

Answer 42

electron transport

Question 43

the passage of H+ ions through _ causes it to spin and produce ATP

Answer 43

ATP synthase

Question 44

this 3 carbon molecule is produced during glycolysis when glucose splits in half

Answer 44

pyruvic acids

Question 45

cell organelle which acts as the cell's power plant to burn glucose and store energy as ATP

Answer 45

mitochondria

Question 46

if oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by

Answer 46

fermentation

Question 47

type of fermentation used to make bread dough rise and produce beer and wine

Answer 47

alcoholic

Question 48

this molecule has the formula C6H12O6 and is split in half during glycolysis

Answer 48

glucose

Question 49

the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up as _ in the atmosphere following the Krebs cycle

Answer 49

gas

Question 50

the folded inner membranes inside a mitochondria are called

Answer 50

cristae

Question 51

this molecule reacts with the pyruvic acid to release CO2, produce NADH, and acetyl CoA

Answer 51

co enzyme A

Question 52

what forms when coenzyme A attaches to two carbons from pyruvic acid

Answer 52

acetyl coA

Question 53

what is the storage form of glucose used by animal cells which can be broken down for energy when glucose is used up

Answer 53

glycogen

Question 54

the area inside the cristae where the Krebs cycle happens in the _

Answer 54

matrix