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Biology > Unit 5 review > Flashcards

Unit 5 review Flashcards

1
Q

what is the first step in cellular respiration that begins releasing energy that is stored in glucose?

A

Glycolysis

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2
Q

what are the carriers for energy and high energy electrons during glycolysis?

A

NADH

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3
Q

if oxygen is not present, glycolysis is followed by _

A

fermentation

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4
Q

Name the 3 carbon molecule produced when glucose is broken in half during glycolysis.

A

pyruvic acid

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5
Q

How many ATP molecules are added to get glycolysis started?

A

2

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6
Q

since glycolysis produces 4 ATP molecules, this results in a NET gain of

A

2 ATP’s

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7
Q

chemical equation for cellular respiration

A

C6H12O6+ 6O2-> ^CO2+6H2O+ energy

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8
Q

how are photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?

A

products of one become the reactants of the other

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9
Q

what is the sequence of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis –> Krebs cycle –> electron transport chain

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10
Q

where do the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up following the Krebs cycle

A

they become part of a carbon dioxide molecule and end up in the atmosphere

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11
Q

because cellular respiration requires oxygen it is said to be _

A

aerobic

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12
Q

how many ATP molecules are produced by 1 molecule of glucose completing cellular respiration

A

36

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13
Q

what is produced in the Krebs cycle

A

ATP, NADH, FADH2, CO2

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14
Q

what molecule is the final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain?

A

oxygen

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15
Q

the movement of which ion across the membrane from the intermembrane space to the matrix causes ATP synthase to spin and make ATP?

A

H+ ions

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16
Q

what stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

A

Electron transport

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17
Q

what happens as the electrons pass down the electron transport chain

A

energy from H+ ions crossing back into the matrix causes ATP synthase to make ATP

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18
Q

if oxygen is present what will happen to the NADH produced in Kreb’s cycle

A

its electrons will enter the electron transport chain

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19
Q

name the 6 carbon molecule that forms when Acetyl- CoA joins its 2 carbon molecule to a 4 carbon molecule in the Krebs cycle

A

citric acid

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20
Q

explain why the enzymes for electron transport are located in bacteria if they don’t have internal membranes

A

glycolysis –> fermentation

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21
Q

since fermentation does not require oxygen it is said to be _

A

anaerobic

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22
Q

which high energy electron carrier is regenerated during fermentation that allows cells to continue to make ATP?

A

NAD+

23
Q

equation for alcoholic fermentation

A

pyruvic acid + NADH –> CO2 +NAD+ + alcohol

24
Q

equation for lactic fermentation

A

pyruvic acid + NADH –> NAD+ + lactic acid

25
Q

yeast use this to make bread dough rise

A

alcohol

26
Q

your muscle cells use this during rapid exercise when oxygen is low

A

lactic acid

27
Q

bacteria and yeast use thus to make beer and wine

A

alcohol

28
Q

bacteria use this to make cheese, yogurt an sour cream

A

lactic acid

29
Q

if alcohol fermentation is used to make bread dough rise, how come you don’t become intoxicated when you eat the bread?

A

alcohol burns off in the oven

30
Q

what is a 6 carbon molecule that is produced first when acetyl- CoA joins with a 4 carbon molecule to enter the Krebs cycle

A

citric acid

31
Q

what is the process of splitting a glucose molecules into 2 pyruvic acid molecules

A

glycolysis

32
Q

the molecule is used by cells to store and transfer energy is _

A

ATP

33
Q

Glycolysis happens outside the mitochondria in the _

A

cytoplasm

34
Q

what happens when oxygen is present and includes glycolysis, Kreb’s cycle and electron transport chain

A

cellular respiration

35
Q

this describes a process that requires oxygen

A

aerobic

36
Q

This high energy electron carrier produces fewer ATP’s than NADH as electrons pass through the electron transport chain because it enters farther down the chain

A

FADH2

37
Q

this atmospheric gas is required for aerobic respiration

A

oxygen

38
Q

This describes a process that does not require oxygen, it means without air

A

anaerobic

39
Q

Type of fermentation used by human muscles in lo oxygen conditions and microorganisms to make yogurt, cheese, pickles, sauerkraut and kimchi

A

lactic acid

40
Q

as electrons pass down the electron transport chain H+ ions build up in the _ space

A

inter membrane

41
Q

the _ cycle breaks down pyruvic acids into carbon dioxide and produces NADH, FADH2, and ATP

A

kreb’s

42
Q

the NADH and FADH2 produced during the Krebs cycle pass their electrons down the _ chain to produce ATP

A

electron transport

43
Q

the passage of H+ ions through _ causes it to spin and produce ATP

A

ATP synthase

44
Q

this 3 carbon molecule is produced during glycolysis when glucose splits in half

A

pyruvic acids

45
Q

cell organelle which acts as the cell’s power plant to burn glucose and store energy as ATP

A

mitochondria

46
Q

if oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by

A

fermentation

47
Q

type of fermentation used to make bread dough rise and produce beer and wine

A

alcoholic

48
Q

this molecule has the formula C6H12O6 and is split in half during glycolysis

A

glucose

49
Q

the carbon atoms in pyruvic acid end up as _ in the atmosphere following the Krebs cycle

A

gas

50
Q

the folded inner membranes inside a mitochondria are called

A

cristae

51
Q

this molecule reacts with the pyruvic acid to release CO2, produce NADH, and acetyl CoA

A

co enzyme A

52
Q

what forms when coenzyme A attaches to two carbons from pyruvic acid

A

acetyl coA

53
Q

what is the storage form of glucose used by animal cells which can be broken down for energy when glucose is used up

A

glycogen

54
Q

the area inside the cristae where the Krebs cycle happens in the _

A

matrix

Biology (10 decks)

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