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Unit 4 review Flashcards

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1
Q

What stage of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membrane?

A

the light reactions

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2
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

NADPH, ATP, glucose and oxygen

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3
Q

Describe the structure of a photosystem.

A

within thylakoid, pigment molecules are arranged in clusters

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4
Q

What are the chemical products of light reactions?

A

ATP and NADPH

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5
Q

What happens during the Calvin Cycle?

A

uses carbon dioxide, energy from ATP and high energy electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH to make small sugars named G3P

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6
Q

Which stage uses the reactant water from the overall photosynthesis equation?

A

light reactions

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7
Q

Which stage of photosynthesis produces sugar?

A

The Calvin Cycle

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8
Q

How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?

A

cellular respiration by both producers and consumers

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9
Q

How does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere effect Earth’s atmosphere?

A

traps heat from the sun that would usually escape Earth’s atmosphere

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10
Q

distance between two adjacant waves

A

wavelength

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11
Q

cluster of pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane

A

photosystem

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12
Q

green pigment in chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

cellular organelle in which photosynthesis occurs

A

chloroplast

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14
Q

chemical compound that gives a substance a colour

A

pigment

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15
Q

The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back is called the _

A

carbon cycle

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16
Q

The range of types of electromagnetic energy is called the _

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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17
Q

Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through tiny pores called _

A

stoma

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18
Q

The trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere is called the _

A

greenhouse effect

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19
Q

The laboratory technique _ is used to separate the different pigments in a green leaf

A

chromatography

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20
Q

chemical compound that gives a substance colour

A

pigments

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21
Q

the trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide that keeps Earth’s climate warm is called the greenhouse…

A

effect

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22
Q

stage of photosynthesis in which sugar is made

A

Calvin cycle

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23
Q

difference between 2 adjacent waves

A

wavelength

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24
Q

organelle in which photosynthesis occurs

A

chloroplast

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25
stage of photosynthesis in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy
light reactions
26
thick fluid within the inner membrane of a chloroplast
stroma
27
the range of types of electromagnetic energy is the electromagnetic...
spectrum
28
pigment that makes plants green
chlorophyll
29
disk shaped sacs suspended in the stroma
thylakoids
30
molecules that collect light energy are called
pigments
31
Chlorophyll a and b absorb _ and _ wavelengths of light best
blue-violet red
32
_ is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants
Chlorophyll
33
Plants "look" green because chlorophyll _ green light
reflects
34
Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called
autotrophs
35
The gel-filled inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks are called
stroma
36
_ 1 and 2 contain chlorophylland absorb light energy during the _ _ reactions
chloropyll light dependent
37
During the light dependent reactions H+ ions build up in the _ space when _ molecules are split
thylakoid water
38
the enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the _ while the Calvin cycle happens in the _
thylakoid membrane stroma
39
The stacks of the thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called _
grana
40
the light dependent reactions are also called the _
Calvin cycle
41
Carbon and oxygen from _ end up as a part of a _ molecule following the Calvin cycle
carbon dioxide glucose
42
_ and _ are made during _ dependent reactions and carry energy and high energy electrons that are used during the the Calvin cycle to produce _ like glucose
ATP NADPH Light Sugars
43
The O in H2O is given off as _ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light dependent reactions
oxygen
44
Proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called _
enzymes
45
Electrons are transferred along the membrane from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1 using the _
Electron Transport System
46
Orange and yellow colored pigments called _ absorb different wavelengths of light and help chlorophyll use more of the sun's energy
Carotenoids
47
_, amount of _ and light _ are all factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis
temperature water light
48
Which molecules stores more than times the energy in an ATP molecule?
glucose
49
All organisms get the energy they need to regenerate ATP from...
foods like glucose
50
What is true about ATP
- ATP consists of ribose sugar, adenine and 3 phosphates - ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate and releases energy - ATP provides energy for active transport in cells
51
Autotrophs
organisms that can make their own food
52
Heterotrophs
organisms that obtain energy from the food they eat
53
What does ATP stand for
Adenosine Triphophate
54
How many phosphates are in one molecule of ATP?
3
55
Name 3 activities that use the energy stored in ATP.
- ion transport - metabolism - gene expression
56
Plants gather the sun's energy with light absorbing molecules called
pigments
57
Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the _ regions of the visible light spectrum
- blue-violet - red
58
Most plants appear green because Chlorophyll
reflects green light
59
A student conducts an expiriment by collecting the gas given off by a green plant in bright sunlight at room temperature. The gas being collected is probably
oxygen
60
photosynthesis equation
6CO2+6H2O---->(sun) C6H12O6 + 6O2
61
Where are photosystems 1 and 2 found?
thylakoid membrane
62
the Calvin cycle is another name for
light-independent reactions
63
Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?
H+ ions build up in the space as water is split
63
Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?
H+ ions build up in the space as water is split
64
What is true about light dependent reactions
- High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain - pigments in photosystems 1 and 2 absorb light - ATP synthase helps H+ ions in the thylakoid space to pass through the membrane to the stroma
65
What are true about the Calvin cycle
- also called the light dependent reaction - ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions are used here -high energy sugar compounds are made from CO2
66
which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?
pigments in photosystem 2 absorb light
67
What are found inside the thylakoid membrane?
-electron transport chain - photosystem 1 - photosystem 2 - ATP synthase
68
which molecule acts as a carrier for high energy electrons during photosynthesis?
NADP+
69
How is the calvin cycle different from the light dependent reactions?
it takes place in the stroma
70
oxygen produced during the light dependent reaction is
released into the atmosphere
71
How does NADP+ become NADPH
electrons and protons are added on
72
3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs
- temperature - light intensity - water
73
increasing light intensity _ the rate of photosynthesis
increases (to a point)
74
carbon dioxide molecules enter the _ from the atmosphere
Calvin cycle
75
Photosynthesis uses energy from ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH produced in the _ reactions to make glucose in the Calvin cycle
light dependent reactions
76
The light dependent reactions produces ATP, NADPH, and _
oxygen
77
ATP synthase spins like a turbine as _ pass through it to generate ATP
H+ ions
78
Electrons are energized _ during photosynthesis
twice
79
Light dependent reactions occur
- in the thylakoid membrane - reactants: light, H2O, NADP+ and ADP+p - products: NADPH, ATP, O2 - light? yes
80
Calvin cycle occur
- in the stroma reactants: CO2, NADPH, ATP - products: ADP+p, sugars and NADP+ - light? not needed
81
why does photosynthesis stop after a temp of 20-40 celcius?
the enzymes begin to denature
82
why does productivity of photosynthesis hit a plateau after a higher intensity?
it hits a max rate

Biology (10 decks)

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