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Biology > Unit 4 review > Flashcards

Unit 4 review Flashcards

1
Q

What stage of photosynthesis occurs in the thylakoid membrane?

A

the light reactions

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2
Q

What are the products of photosynthesis?

A

NADPH, ATP, glucose and oxygen

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3
Q

Describe the structure of a photosystem.

A

within thylakoid, pigment molecules are arranged in clusters

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4
Q

What are the chemical products of light reactions?

A

ATP and NADPH

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5
Q

What happens during the Calvin Cycle?

A

uses carbon dioxide, energy from ATP and high energy electrons and hydrogen ions from NADPH to make small sugars named G3P

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6
Q

Which stage uses the reactant water from the overall photosynthesis equation?

A

light reactions

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7
Q

Which stage of photosynthesis produces sugar?

A

The Calvin Cycle

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8
Q

How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere?

A

cellular respiration by both producers and consumers

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9
Q

How does carbon dioxide in the atmosphere effect Earth’s atmosphere?

A

traps heat from the sun that would usually escape Earth’s atmosphere

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10
Q

distance between two adjacant waves

A

wavelength

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11
Q

cluster of pigment molecules in the thylakoid membrane

A

photosystem

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12
Q

green pigment in chloroplasts

A

chlorophyll

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13
Q

cellular organelle in which photosynthesis occurs

A

chloroplast

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14
Q

chemical compound that gives a substance a colour

A

pigment

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15
Q

The process by which carbon moves from inorganic to organic compounds and back is called the _

A

carbon cycle

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16
Q

The range of types of electromagnetic energy is called the _

A

electromagnetic spectrum

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17
Q

Carbon dioxide enters a leaf through tiny pores called _

A

stoma

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18
Q

The trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere is called the _

A

greenhouse effect

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19
Q

The laboratory technique _ is used to separate the different pigments in a green leaf

A

chromatography

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20
Q

chemical compound that gives a substance colour

A

pigments

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21
Q

the trapping of heat from the sun by carbon dioxide that keeps Earth’s climate warm is called the greenhouse…

A

effect

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22
Q

stage of photosynthesis in which sugar is made

A

Calvin cycle

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23
Q

difference between 2 adjacent waves

A

wavelength

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24
Q

organelle in which photosynthesis occurs

A

chloroplast

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25
Q

stage of photosynthesis in which sunlight is converted to chemical energy

A

light reactions

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26
Q

thick fluid within the inner membrane of a chloroplast

A

stroma

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27
Q

the range of types of electromagnetic energy is the electromagnetic…

A

spectrum

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28
Q

pigment that makes plants green

A

chlorophyll

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29
Q

disk shaped sacs suspended in the stroma

A

thylakoids

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30
Q

molecules that collect light energy are called

A

pigments

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31
Q

Chlorophyll a and b absorb _ and _ wavelengths of light best

A

blue-violet
red

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32
Q

_ is the main light absorbing pigment found in green plants

A

Chlorophyll

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33
Q

Plants “look” green because chlorophyll _ green light

A

reflects

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34
Q

Organisms, like green plants, that can make their own food using energy from the sun are called

A

autotrophs

35
Q

The gel-filled inside the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid stacks are called

A

stroma

36
Q

_ 1 and 2 contain chlorophylland absorb light energy during the _ _ reactions

A

chloropyll
light dependent

37
Q

During the light dependent reactions H+ ions build up in the _ space when _ molecules are split

A

thylakoid
water

38
Q

the enzymes for the light dependent reactions are found in the _ while the Calvin cycle happens in the _

A

thylakoid membrane
stroma

39
Q

The stacks of the thylakoids found inside chloroplasts are called _

A

grana

40
Q

the light dependent reactions are also called the _

A

Calvin cycle

41
Q

Carbon and oxygen from _ end up as a part of a _ molecule following the Calvin cycle

A

carbon dioxide
glucose

42
Q

_ and _ are made during _ dependent reactions and carry energy and high energy electrons that are used during the the Calvin cycle to produce _ like glucose

A

ATP
NADPH
Light
Sugars

43
Q

The O in H2O is given off as _ gas to the atmosphere when water is split during the light dependent reactions

A

oxygen

44
Q

Proteins in living things that help chemical reactions happen are called _

A

enzymes

45
Q

Electrons are transferred along the membrane from photosystem 2 to photosystem 1 using the _

A

Electron Transport System

46
Q

Orange and yellow colored pigments called _ absorb different wavelengths of light and help chlorophyll use more of the sun’s energy

A

Carotenoids

47
Q

_, amount of _ and light _ are all factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis

A

temperature
water
light

48
Q

Which molecules stores more than times the energy in an ATP molecule?

A

glucose

49
Q

All organisms get the energy they need to regenerate ATP from…

A

foods like glucose

50
Q

What is true about ATP

A
  • ATP consists of ribose sugar, adenine and 3 phosphates
  • ADP forms when ATP loses a phosphate and releases energy
  • ATP provides energy for active transport in cells
51
Q

Autotrophs

A

organisms that can make their own food

52
Q

Heterotrophs

A

organisms that obtain energy from the food they eat

53
Q

What does ATP stand for

A

Adenosine Triphophate

54
Q

How many phosphates are in one molecule of ATP?

A

3

55
Q

Name 3 activities that use the energy stored in ATP.

A
  • ion transport
  • metabolism
  • gene expression
56
Q

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light absorbing molecules called

A

pigments

57
Q

Chlorophyll absorbs light very well in the _ regions of the visible light spectrum

A
  • blue-violet
  • red
58
Q

Most plants appear green because Chlorophyll

A

reflects green light

59
Q

A student conducts an expiriment by collecting the gas given off by a green plant in bright sunlight at room temperature. The gas being collected is probably

A

oxygen

60
Q

photosynthesis equation

A

6CO2+6H2O—->(sun) C6H12O6 + 6O2

61
Q

Where are photosystems 1 and 2 found?

A

thylakoid membrane

62
Q

the Calvin cycle is another name for

A

light-independent reactions

63
Q

Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?

A

H+ ions build up in the space as water is split

63
Q

Why does the space inside the thylakoid become positively charged during the light dependent reactions?

A

H+ ions build up in the space as water is split

64
Q

What is true about light dependent reactions

A
  • High energy electrons move through the electron transport chain
  • pigments in photosystems 1 and 2 absorb light
  • ATP synthase helps H+ ions in the thylakoid space to pass through the membrane to the stroma
65
Q

What are true about the Calvin cycle

A
  • also called the light dependent reaction
  • ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reactions are used here
    -high energy sugar compounds are made from CO2
66
Q

which step is the beginning of photosynthesis?

A

pigments in photosystem 2 absorb light

67
Q

What are found inside the thylakoid membrane?

A

-electron transport chain
- photosystem 1
- photosystem 2
- ATP synthase

68
Q

which molecule acts as a carrier for high energy electrons during photosynthesis?

A

NADP+

69
Q

How is the calvin cycle different from the light dependent reactions?

A

it takes place in the stroma

70
Q

oxygen produced during the light dependent reaction is

A

released into the atmosphere

71
Q

How does NADP+ become NADPH

A

electrons and protons are added on

72
Q

3 factors that affect the rate at which photosynthesis occurs

A
  • temperature
  • light intensity
  • water
73
Q

increasing light intensity _ the rate of photosynthesis

A

increases (to a point)

74
Q

carbon dioxide molecules enter the _ from the atmosphere

A

Calvin cycle

75
Q

Photosynthesis uses energy from ATP and high energy electrons from NADPH produced in the _ reactions to make glucose in the Calvin cycle

A

light dependent reactions

76
Q

The light dependent reactions produces ATP, NADPH, and _

A

oxygen

77
Q

ATP synthase spins like a turbine as _ pass through it to generate ATP

A

H+ ions

78
Q

Electrons are energized _ during photosynthesis

A

twice

79
Q

Light dependent reactions occur

A
  • in the thylakoid membrane
  • reactants: light, H2O, NADP+ and ADP+p
  • products: NADPH, ATP, O2
  • light? yes
80
Q

Calvin cycle occur

A
  • in the stroma
    reactants: CO2, NADPH, ATP
  • products: ADP+p, sugars and NADP+
  • light? not needed
81
Q

why does photosynthesis stop after a temp of 20-40 celcius?

A

the enzymes begin to denature

82
Q

why does productivity of photosynthesis hit a plateau after a higher intensity?

A

it hits a max rate

Biology (10 decks)

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