Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

semester 1 > Chromosomes and Cell Division 2/2 - First Lecture > Flashcards

Chromosomes and Cell Division 2/2 - First Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the stages of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase and mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the different stages of interphase?

A

G1, S and G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens during the G1 stage of interphase?

A

Protein and RNA synthesis

Growth maturation of the cell occurs

DNA checking and subsequent repair occurs during the pause between G1 and S

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens during the S phase of interphase?

A

DNA synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens during the G2 phase of interphase?

A

Further synthesis of RNA and proteins.
Further growth Organelles such as mitochondria grow and divide.
Followed by proof reading and subsequent repair of newly synthesised DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the stages of Mitosis?

A

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokinesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens during Prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense

Nuclear membrane disappears

Spindle fibres from centriole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align at the equator of the cell

Attached by spindle fibre to each centriole

Maximum condensation of chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

Sister chromatids separate at the centromere

Move to opposite ends of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

Nuclear membranes form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens during cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm separates

Two new daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the structure of the centromere?

A

Repetitive DNA sequences (satellite DNA)

Joins sister chromatids

Site of the kinetochore - protein complex that binds to microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the difference between Heterochromatin and Euchromatin?

A

Heterochromatin:

Condensed structure

Silenced genes

Euchromatin:

Open structure

Active genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is satellite DNA and where can you find it?

A

Tandemly repeated DNA sequences at the Centromeres and telomeres of chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is chromatin

A

DNA packed within histone proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the charge of histone?

A

Positively charged

17
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

A unit of chromatin that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes.

A length of DNA wrapped around a core of histones

18
Q

How is a solenoid structure formed?

A

Further wrapping of nucleosomes

19
Q

What are the different levels of structural elements of chromatin?

A

lvl1: Nucleosome
lvl2:Chromatin fibre
lvl3:Fibre-scaffold complex
lvl4:Chromosome

20
Q

What is the purpose of packaging DNA?

A

+ve histone protein charge neutralises neg. DNA

Takes up less space

Inactive DNA can be folded into inaccessible locations until required

21
Q

What is the purpose of FISH (fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation)

A

Mark or tag a specific DNA sequence out of the whole genome

22
Q

What is the process of FISH?

A

Denature DNA into single strands

Hybridise the DNA with fluorescent tag (tag complimentary to desired DNA sequence)

Excess tags are washed away

Tags are fluorescent themselves or can attach to a fluorescent molecule

Chromosome viewed under a fluorescence microscope revealing physical location of desired gene

23
Q

What are the different types of FISH probes?

A

Unique sequence probes

Centromeric probes

Telomeric probes

Whole chromosome probes

24
Q

What are the stages of meiosis?

A

DNA replication

Pairing of homologous chromosomes

Recombination takes place

Homologous chromosomes separated by spindle fibres

Cell divides into 2

Further divides to produce 4 haploid gametes

25
Q

What is the purpose of meiosis?

A

Cell division of germ cells

Goes from diploid cell to 4 haploid gametes

26
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Process of egg formation

27
Q

When does gametogenesis begin in males and females?

A

Males - Puberty Females - Early embryonic life

28
Q

What determines the sex of the zygote?

A

Wether or not the sperm contains the y chromosome

29
Q

Where does mitochondrial DNA come from?

A

Only from the mother via the egg

30
Q

What happens to the X chromosome in females?

A

One of them is randomly inactivated

31
Q

What are the differences between male and females in gametogenesis

A
32
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Process of sperm formation

33
Q

What is the purpose of unique sequence probes?

A

Detecting subtelomeric rearrangements

34
Q

What is the purpose of whole chromosome probes?

A

Covering different parts of a chromosome

semester 1 (65 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions