Chronic Diarrhea

Question 1

What are the causative organisms of Chronic Diarrhea?

Answer 1

Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), Cyclospora cayetanensis, Giardia lambia, Enatmoeba histolytica?

Question 2

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Enteroaggregative E. coli?

Answer 2

Bacterial, gram-negative

Question 3

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 3

Vehicle (food, water), fecal-oral

Question 4

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 4

?

Question 5

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 5

Difficult to distinguish from other E. coli

Question 6

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 6

?

Question 7

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 7

Rehydration, or ciprofloxacin

Question 8

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 8

No

Question 9

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 9

Sometimes, mucus also

Question 10

What the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 10

Chronic in the malnourished

Question 11

What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Enteroaggregative E. coli)?

Answer 11

Developing countries: 87% of chronic diarrhea in children > 2 years old

Question 12

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Cyclospora cayetanesis?

Answer 12

Parasite

Question 13

What are the most common modes of Transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 13

Fecal-oral, vehicle

Question 14

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 14

Invasiveness

Question 15

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 15

Stool examination, PCR

Question 16

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 16

Washing, cooking food, personal hygiene

Question 17

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 17

TMP-SMZ

Question 18

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 18

Usually

Question 19

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 19

No

Question 20

What are the distinctive features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Question 21

What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Cyclospora cayetanesis)?

Answer 21

United States: estimated 16,000 cases per year; internationally: endemic in 27 countries, mostly tropical

Question 22

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Giardia lambia?

Answer 22

Parasite

Question 23

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 23

Vehicle, fecal-oral, direct and indirect contact

Question 24

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 24

Attachment to intestines alters mucosa

Question 25

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 25

Stool examination, ELISA

Question 26

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 26

Water hygiene, personal hygiene

Question 27

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 27

Timidazole, nitazoxanide

Question 28

Is fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 28

Not usually

Question 29

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 29

No, mucus present (greasy and foul smelling)

Question 30

What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 30

Frequently occurs in backpackers, campers

Question 31

What are the epidemiological features of Chronic Diarrhea (Giardia lambia)?

Answer 31

United States: estimated 1.2 million cases per year; internationally: prevalence rates from 2% to 5% in industrialized world

Question 32

What form of Chronic Diarrhea is Entamoeba histolytica?

Answer 32

Parasite

Question 33

What are the most common modes of transmission for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 33

Vehicle, fecal-oral

Question 34

What are the virulence factors for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 34

Lytic enzymes, induction of apoptosis, invasiveness

Question 35

How do you culture/diagnose Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 35

PCR, stool examination, ELISA, serology

Question 36

How do you prevent Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 36

Water hygiene, personal hygiene

Question 37

How do you treat Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 37

Metronidazole or chloroquine

Question 38

Is there a fever present with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 38

Yes

Question 39

Is blood in stool with Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 39

Yes

Question 40

What are the distinctive features of Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 40

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Question 41

What are the epidemiological features for Chronic Diarrhea (Entamoeba histolytica)?

Answer 41

Internationally: 40,000 to 100,000 deaths annually