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Nonhemorrhagic Fever Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are are the eight Nonhemorrhagic Fever Diseases?

A

Brucellosis, Q Fever, Cat-Scratch Disease, Trench Fever, Ehrlinchiosis, Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis

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2
Q

What is the causative organism(s) of Brucellosis?

A

Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis

All are bacterial, gram-negative

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3
Q

What are the most common modes of Transmission for Brucellosis?

A

Direct contact, airborne, parenteral (needlesticks)

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4
Q

What are the virulence factors for Brucellosis?

A

Intracellular growth; avoidance of destruction by phagocytes

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5
Q

How do you culture Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Gram stain of biopsy material; PCR

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6
Q

How do you prevent Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Animal control, pasteurization of milk

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7
Q

How do you treat Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Doxycycline plus gentamicin or rifampin

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8
Q

What are the distinctive features of Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

Undulating fever, muscle aches

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9
Q

What are the epidemiological features of Brucellosis (Brucella melitensis, B. abortus, or B. suis)?

A

United States: fewer than 100 cases per year; internationally, 500,000 cases per year

Category B Bioterrorism Agent

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10
Q

What are the causative organism(s) of Q Fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii (Bacterial, gram-negative)

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11
Q

What are the most common modes of transmission for Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Airborne, direct contact, food-borne

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12
Q

What are the virulence factors for Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Endospore-like structure

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13
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Serological tests for antibody; PCR

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14
Q

How do you prevent Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Vaccine for high-risk population

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15
Q

How do you treat Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Combination of doxycycline and hydroxychloroquine

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16
Q

What are the distinctive factors of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

Airborne route of transmission, variable disease presentation

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17
Q

What are epidemiological features of Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)?

A

One-third of cases occur in four states: Colorado, California, Texas, and Illinois

Category B Bioterrorism Agent

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18
Q

What are the causative organisms for Cat-Scratch Disease?

A

Bartonella henselae (Bacterial, gram-negative)

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19
Q

What are the common most form of transmission for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Parenteral (cat scratch or bite)

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20
Q

What are the virulence factors for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Endotoxin

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21
Q

How do you cultivate/diagnose Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Biopsy of lymph nodes plus Gram staining; ELISA (performed by CDC)

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22
Q

How do you prevent Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Clean wound sites

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23
Q

How do you treat Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

Azithromycin or rifampin

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24
Q

What are the distinctive factors for Cat-Scratch Disease (Bartonella henselae)?

A

History of cat bite or scratch; fever not always present

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25
What are the epidemiological features of Cat-Scratch Disease?
United States: estimated incidence is 9.3 cases per 100,000; internationally, seroprevalence from 0.6%-37% depending on cat population
26
What are the causative organisms of Trench Fever?
Bartonella quintana (Bacterial, gram-negative)
27
What is the most common mode of transmission for Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Biological vector (lice)
28
What are the virulence factors for Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Endotoxin
29
How do you cultivate/diagnose Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
ELISA (performed by CDC)
30
How do you prevent Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Avoid lice
31
How do you treat Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Azithromycin +/- doxycycline
32
What are the distinctive features of Trench fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Endocarditis common, 5-day fever
33
What are the epidemiological features of Trench Fever (Bartonella quintana)?
Most infections asymptomatic; found on every continent except Antarctica
34
What are the causative organisms for Ehrlichiosis?
Ehrlichia species (Bacteria, gram-negative)
35
What is the most common modes of transmission for Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
Biological vector (tick)
36
What are the virulence factors for Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
--
37
How do you cultivate/diagnose Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
PCR, indirect antibody test
38
How do you prevent Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
Avoid ticks
39
How do you treat Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
Doxycycline
40
What are the distinctive features of Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia species)?
Southeast, south central United States
41
What are the epidemiological features of Ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia)?
Great increase in incidence since mid-1990s
42
What are the causative organisms for Anaplasmosis?
Anaplasma species (Bacterial, gram-negative)
43
What are the common modes of transmission for Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
Biological vector (tick)
44
What are the virulence factors for Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
--
45
How do you cultivate/diagnose Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
PCR, indirect antibody test
46
How do you prevent Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
Avoid ticks
47
How do you treat Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
Doxycycline
48
What are the distinctive features of Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
Upper Midwest and northeastern United States
49
What are the epidemiological features of Anaplasmosis (Anaplasma species)?
Great increase in incidence since mid-1990s
50
What are the causative organisms of Babesiosis?
Babesia species (Prion)
51
What are the most common modes of transmission for Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
Biological vector (tick)
52
What are the virulence factors for Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
--
53
How do you cultivate/diagnose Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
Blood smear
54
How do you prevent Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
Avoid ticks
55
How do you treat Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
Combination therapy with antibacterial + antiprotozoal
56
What are the distinctive features of Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
Northeastern and upper midwestern United States
57
What are the epidemiological features of Babesiosis (Babesia species)?
---
58
What are the causative organisms of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis?
Rickettsia species (Bacterial, gram-negative)
59
What are the most common forms of transmission for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Biological vector (tick)
60
What are the virulence factors for Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Induces apoptosis in cells lining blood vessels
61
How do you cultivate/diagnose Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Fluorescent; antibody, PCR
62
How do you prevent Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Avoid ticks
63
How do you treat Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Doxycycline
64
What are the distinctive features of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia species)?
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is most severe of the rickettsioses
65
What are the epidemiological features of Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis?
Only in Americans; tenfold increase since 2000.

Microbiology (47 decks)

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